Pharmacology Final Review

This is information given by the patient or family, include the concerns or symptoms felt by the patient.

This involves looking and listening carefully, it is a process that helps you get information about the patient, the patient's problem, and anything that may influence the choice of drug to be given to the patient.

This is measurable data and are obtained when the health care provider gives the patient a physical examination.

The most important time to obtain assessment data on the patient is:

The nurse is considering various factors in planning to give a medication. The highest priority step in the planning process is:

The LPN is collecting data for the initial assessment of a patient upon admission to the hospital. Which action should the LPN consider to be the highest priority?

Which patient is most at risk to experience a medication error?

These type of drugs have a potential for high abuse, an example of some of these drugs are herion, LSD, marijuana, peyote, and methamphetamine.

These types of drugs have a high potential for abuse may lead to severe psychologic or physical dependence, some examples of these type of drugs are amphetamines, methadone, morphine, pentobarbital, oxycodone (Percocet).

Which statements describe the nurse's responsibilities when working with controlled substances?

A physician has prescribed a "now" dose of Lasix 50 mg IV push, this dose should be administered?

This is the tendency of the molecules of a substance to move from a region of high concentration to one of lower concentration.

This is the diffusion of fluid through a semipermeable membrane; the flow is primarily from the thicker or more concentrated solution or less concentrated solution.

This is the passage of a substance through a filter or through a material that prevents passage of certain molecules.

Per Mrs. Stockdale what is one of the major symptoms of someone who abuses narcotics?

This is another route for enteral medications, for patients who cannot swallow or who are weal or nauseated may be able to take medications through this tube. It leads directly through the nose and into the stomach.

How far in front of the patients mouth should they hold the inhaler or nebulizer for effective administration.

What are you going to do before you squeeze the canister for the patient to inhale the medication.

The patient has an order to receive packed red blood cells. The most appropriate needle gauge for the nurse to choose is:

The nurse has just administered an intradermal injection. The nurse should inspect the injection site afterward for evidence of a

The nurse is administering an IM injection. The most appropriate angle for administration is:

The nurse believes that the client is experiencing an allergic response to the IV fluid that is infusing. The highest priority initial action by the nurse should be:

These are used for the relief of overactive or nonproductive coughs.

A popular Xanthine Bronchoilator that is effective in management of bronchial constriction and spasm, that is used to relax the smooth muscle cells in the bronchi and blood vessels in the lungs.

These directly affect the alpha receptors of blood vessels in the nasal mucosa, causing vasoconstriction and are used to relieve nasal congestion that accompanies allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, and upper respiratory tract infections.

These are agents that decrease the thickness of respiratory secretions and aid in their removal; So Guaifenesin is used to treat symptoms of productive cough, these type of products may be useful in chronic respiratory disease when thick mucus is a complication and are indicated in patients with cough.

A patient tells the nurse that he frequently treats his child's chronic allergies with OTC antihistamines. The most appropriate response from the nurse should be:

What is the drug of choice in the prophylactic treatment of TB infections.

Drugs that act on a receptor in the body to stop a reaction are referred to as

You've administered a medication to your patient for the first time, with a rapid response they start experiencing tightness in their throat, bronchospasm, feelings of apprehension, tingling and swelling in the face or throat, decrease in BP and elevation of heart rate, or in severe cases loss of consciousness or death.

A patient comes into the clinic complaining of a nonproductive cough and muscle aches for 5 days. She has no sore throat, fever, or swollen lymph nodes. She is coughing so much that she is unable to sleep at night. The physician might order which of the following.

A patient is experiencing severe headache and pressure over her eyes. She feels congested. She has no temperature elevation. She has a past history of sinus infection. The physician might order which of the following?

You are visiting an 80 year old patient in her home. She is recieving 0.125 mg of oral digoxin (Lanoxin) daily. She also takes hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg bid. She complains of blurred vision and nausea. You observe that she is confused and disoriented at times. Which of the following might be the problem?

The patient is prescribed transmucosal nitroglycerin tablets. These tablets should be:

The nurse is caring for a patient who presents to the ED with symptoms of lightheadness and palpitations. The patient is treated for supraventricular tachycardia. Once stabilized, she is discharged home with a prescription for an oral calcium channel blocker, Which medication does the nurse anticipate that the doctor will prescribe?

A patient has been prescribed Pyridium as part of treatment for a UTI. Which manifestation warrants the nurse's immediate intervention?

Which patient statement indicates an accurate understanding of the correct way to store nitroglycerin?

A nurse is caring for a patient with a history of CAD who reports CP 6/10. After obtaining the pt's V/S and administering nitroglycerin, the nurse carefully monitors the patient for which adverse reaction?

The nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving nitroglycerin. Which symptom would prompt the nurse to intervene immediately?

The LPN has been assigned to care for a patient who is receiving a cardiotonic drug. Before administering the medication, what priority action should the nurse take?

The patient has been prescribed niacon. The nurse anticipates tthat the patient will have the most difficulty adjusting to the side effect of:

Your going to administer Digoxin 0.125 mg to your patient for Atrial flutter; once obtaining their apical pulse what is a accurate pulse rate to give this medication under?

What is a appropriate Digoxin level

Lidocaine (Xylocaine) may be used for treating which of the following dysrhythmias?

Which of the following is a nitrate compound that is used therapeutically to abort acute attacks of angina pectoris?

A patient is scheduled to leave he hospital tomorrow. He has been instructed to take nitroglycerin sublingually if angina is experienced. Which of the following instructions concerning dosage would he be given?

The negative chronotropic side effect in patients receiving Digoxin is evidenced by:

These products are vasodilators and so have a direct action on vascular smooth muscle and cause it to relax, they increase the use of the other small blood vessels in the heart so that there is better oxygen supply to the inner layers of the heart muscle.

Your patient has come to the office experiencing chest pain and elevated heart rate of 120 Sinus tachycardia, you would expect the doctor to write them a prescription for what type of dysrhythmia treatment.

Your patient has been seen in the office for a dysrhythmia, heart rate 160 irregular Afib, what would you expect the doctor to write this particularity patient a prescription for:

They prescribed your patient propranolol daily for high blood pressure, you know that this know as what type of drug

They prescribed your patient lisinopril daily for blood pressure, you know that this know as what type of drug

A severe side effect of ACE inhibitors is

Your patient has presented with hyperlipidemia, they doctor has prescribed a HMG-CoA you understand this is what type of drug:

The action of all diuretics is to increase fluid loss from the body. This type of drug acts directly to dilate the smooth muscles in the arterioles and works to prevent the reabsorption of sodium and chloride, may lead to the loss of large amounts of potassium and also works to promote reabsorption of calcium.

The action of all diuretics is to increase fluid loss from the body. This acts by blocking active transport of chloride, sodium, and potassium in the thick ascending loop of Henle. These are often used in patients with kidney disease and to treat CHF, cirrhosis of the liver.

The action of all diuretics is to increase fluid loss from the body. This type increases the excretion of water and sodium but saves K+, These drugs are used in patients with kidney disease, in older adult patients with poor kidney function who have hypokalemia, or in those patients with the risk for having hypokalemia.

When giving elderly patients antihypertensive medications this must be done with precaution because they are most at risk for what type of side effect?

Nerves send or transmit information from the brain through chemical messengers known as:

Patients taking phenytoin (Dilatin), should be instructed to:

Antivertigo-antiemtic drugs act by:

These type of agents block nerve impulses in the receptors of the sympathetic nervous system and so may be used for either prevention or treatment and should be given as soon as the pain begins.

Your diabetic patient is having symptoms: sudden onset of nervousness, visual disturbances, hunger, malaise, cold, clammy skin, lethargy, pallor, diaphoresis, change in level of consciousness, confusion, abnormal behavior, shallow respiration's, feeling of heart pounding or racing, shakiness, sudden anxiety or tingling sensation around the mouth.

Your diabetic patient is having symptoms: Increased thirst, dry mouth, frequent urination, fatigue, headache, blurred vision.

The nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving treatment with an MAO inhibitor (MAOI) medication. Which patient statement indicates that the patient correctly understands dietary restrictions associated with MAOIs?

The LPN is caring for a patient who is being treated with an ergot alkaloid medication. Which statement about ergot alkaloids as prophylactic treatment of vascular headaches is correct?

A patient calls the office and states that he has been taking sertraline (Zoloft) for almost a week without any symptom relief. How should the nurse advise the patient?

This drug is used intravenously to control seizures and is the drug of choice for treatment of status epilepticus.

Your checking your patients labs and you notice that their Lithium level is within range at:

What is the go to drug for antiparkinsinians?

MAOI may cause very dangerous reactions if taken with certain foods or beverages containing what ingredient?

The LPN is caring for a patient who is scheduled to receive his first dose of a pain medication. Which information is most important for the nurse to obtain?

Which patient on opioid therapy is most susceptible to the side effect of constipation?

The LPN suspects that a patient may have overdosed on narcotics. Which medication does the nurse anticipate that the physician will order?

The LPN is caring for a patient who is being treated with intramuscular injections of pentazocine. Which action is most important for the nurse to take?

A 2-year-old child has returned from surgical repair of a wrist fracture and is crying from pain. In addition to administering the prescribed analgesic, which nonpharmacologic treatment should the nurse implement?

This type of pain is usually related to an injury, such as recent surgery, trauma, or infection, and ends within an expected time.

This type of pain is any pain that continues beyond the usual course of an acute injury process.

This opioid mechanism of action is it binds with the receptors to activate and produce the maximum response of the individual receptor.

This opioid mechanism of action that produces a partial response.

The opioid mechanism of action that acts as an agonist at one type of receptor and as a competitive antagonist at another type of receptor.

What is the first line of defense drug with osteoarthritis?

This type of antiinflammatory and analgesic agent causes peptic ulcers or GI bleeding if over used.

A patient is admitted to the hospital inpatient treatment unit for alcohol intoxication. After 2 days without alcohol, he is medically stable enough to begin therapy. He begins individual therapy and group sessions with AA. Prior to discharge, the physician might also start him on which of the following.

A laxative that works to soften the stool is an

AquaMEPHYTON, vitamin K1, is an example of a/an:

Vitamin K must be present to produce and other clotting factors that are made in the:

The prothrombin time (PT) of a patient who is on long term Coumadin prophylaxis should be:

An OTC medication used for a suspected thrombolytic event is

A patient receiving long-term anticoagulant therapy (Coumadin) should:

What is the typical INR goal for a patient

How do they determine the dose for heparin therapy?

What is the lab for Heparin check

What is the Lab check for warfarin/coumadin?

This type of insulin normal ends in Log is always clear has an onset of 5-15 mins. Examples: Lispro (Humalog), aspart (Novolog)

This type of insulin normal begins with an R is clear is the only one that can be given IV has an onset of 30-60 mins.

This type of insulin always begins with an N, never used on a sliding scale, cloudy in color has an onset of 2-4 hours

This type of insulin always begins with an L is never used on sliding scale is clear in color, used in high doses, never mixed with anything requires NO CBG or accucheck with this one and has no peak time.

This is a proton pump inhibitor that decreases the amount of acid produced in the stomach

A patient is found to have hyperthyroidism. The doctor wants to start her on medication therapy before performing surgery. He is most likely to prescribe which of the following?

Your checking your patient's PT/INR what is the normal ranges that your looking for?