Alyssa Elligson
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Psychology

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Alyssa Elligson
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PS 280- (6) Mood Disorders

Pregunta 1 de 18

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Mood disorders: Depressive Disorders:

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • DMDD- Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

  • MDD- Major Depressive Disorder

  • Persistent Depressive Disorder

  • Premestrual Dysphoric Disorder

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 18

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Bipolar Disorder:

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Bipolar disorder 1 or 2

  • cyclothymic disorder

  • major depressive disorder

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 18

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(A) Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (MDD): Young ( children, adults, youths ) only
-severe & frequent ( temper tantrums, feelings of sadness, feelings of pain, feelings of anger ) interfere with ability to function at home, school, with friends
-usually more likely to develop problems with depression or anxiety in adulthood
Symptoms include:
-severe temper outbursts at least 3 times a week
-sad, irritable, or angry mood almost everyday
-reaction is bigger than expected
-child must be at least ( 6, 5, 7, 3 ) years old
-symptoms begin before age 10
-symptoms are present for at least ( 1, 2, 3, 6 months ) year
-child has trouble functioning in more than 1 place

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 18

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(B) Major Disorder (MDD):
5 + symptoms in a 2 week period
1. reports of feeling depressed or sad most of day
2. loss of or ability to derive pleasure
3. significant weight loss (appetite)
4. difficulty
5. slowed down or agitated throughout day
6. feeling fatigued or a loss of energy
7. feelings of worthlessness (guilt)
8. difficulties concentrating
9. thoughts of death or

significant distress or impairment in functioning

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 18

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Prevalence of MDD

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  • episodes usually last 6-9 months (severe cases -psychotic features)

  • lifetime prevalence: 12% of Canadian adults (female > male 2:1)

  • at least 50% have repeated occurrences

  • most frequently comorbid with Bipolar

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 18

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Risk factors for MDD:
* (initial onset more common among younger adults)
*
* Status (separated, divorced, higher risk)
*Aboriginal Status
* (15-64 yrs old female > male)

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

    Age
    ses
    old age
    SES
    age
    marriage
    Marital
    indian
    Gender
    aboriginal

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 18

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( Seasonal, Situational, Seasons ) Affective Disorder (SAD):
female > male ; young adults
Symptoms:
-increased ( appetite, decreased appetite, feelings of worthiness )
-weight gain
-greater need for sleep

WHY:
-biological rhythm disturbances (melatonin)
-serotonin ( deficiencies, increases, levels higher )

Treatment: ( phototherapy, talk therapy, hypnotism ) (60-90% will respond)

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 18

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(C) ( Persistent, Seasonal, Predictable ) Depressive Disorder:
-less severe + more chronic
Symptoms:
-change in appetite
-not enjoying things previously enjoyed
-sleep disturbances
-loss of concentration
-persists for at least ( 2, 1, 3, 4 ) years

*both dysthymia & MDD at same time is possible

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 18

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Diagnostic Criteria for Manic Episode:

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • mood abnormally and consistently elevated, expansive or irritable for at least 1 week

  • during mood being elevated, 3 or more are present:
    1. excessive self-esteem
    2. less need for sleep
    3. more talkative than usual
    4. thoughts are racing
    5. easily distracted

  • increase in behaviour aimed at achieving goal

  • impulsive acts aimed at increasing feeling of pleasure (e.g. shopping)

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 18

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Diagnostic Criteria for Hypo-manic Episode:

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • for at least 4 days, nearly everyday

  • less severe symptoms, change in functioning, not marked impairment

  • more severe symptoms

  • impaired functioning

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 18

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Disorder:
-rare to experience episode of mania without accompanying depression at some point in life
-depressions last longer than the manic episode
-between episodes, may have mood, or may have periods of dysthymic symptoms
-Less common vs MDD- female= male
*Specifier- rapid cycling- 2+ full cycles of mania & depression in 1 year
Note- respond well to medications

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 18

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what is Cyclothymic Disorder?

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  • longstanding pattern of alternating mood episodes that do not meet the criteria for MDD or manic episode

  • duration of at least 2 years (1 for teens & children) with recurrent periods of mild depression alternating with hypnotic

  • could be called mild form of bipolar - 1/3 go on to develop bipolar

  • all of the above

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 18

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( Etiology, beginning, start, variables ) of Bipolar Disorder:
-interaction of social, biological, psychological variables

Stress & mood disorders:
-life stress, loss of some kind
-most cases of MDD are preceded by stressful ( life event, people in their lives, coping strategies )
-psychodynamic perspectives (anger turned upwards)

Coping Styles & Social Support:
-may act as buffers

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 18

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in terms of the humanistic perspective, depression may result from the inability to find meaning & purpose in one's life

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 18

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Aaron Beck:
-negative & expectations ("Im not good enough")
-cognitive distortions
-distorted
-negative view of: oneself, environment, future
-learned helplessness/ lessness

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 18

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Biological Models:
(A) ( Genetic, Biological, Cognitive ) Evidence:
-depression & bipolar run in ( families, blood, DNA )
-family studies: the closer genetic relationship

*Genetic contribution is stronger for bipolar vs. depressive

(B) Biochemical Factors & Brain Abnormalities:
-cause or effect?
Catechloamine Ho: non-functioning NE or DA
-depression- receptors too few or insensitive
support= anti-depressants boost NE work

Prefrontal cortex: lower metabolic activity--> lower motivation

*limbic system abnormalities:
-( hippocampus, Amygdala, Pre-frontal Cortex ): lower metabolic activity: higher levels of cortisol
-( amygdala, Hippocampus, frontal lobe ): enlarged

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 18

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Psychological Treatment:

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Interpersonal Psychotherapy

  • Behavioural approaches

  • Cognitive-Based Treatment (CBT)

  • Antidepressant Pharmacotherapy

  • Mood stabilizers

  • ECT (Electroconvulsive therapy

  • Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) For depression

  • all of the above

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 18

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90% of those who complete suicide are mentally ill at the time of their death
over 70% are clinically depressed
as many as 75% of adolescents suicides had a mood disorder

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

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