Work, I/O or Occupational Psychology is a branch of:
Cognitive Psy
Business Psy
Applied Psy
Developmental Psy
Which of the following is NOT a core value in Work, I/O, occupational psy?
Science
Ethics
Profit
Pragmatism
The measurement and management of human behaviour in basic elementary chunks is a hallmark of
Psychology
Taylorism
Post-Modernism
Pragmaticism
Elton Mayo is most famous for his connection with
Cybernetics
Hawthorne studies
Scientific management
Time and motions studies
Which of the following is not an organisation assosciated with work, I/o and occup psychology?
BPS - DOP
EAWOP
SIOP
GDP
The roots of modern work, I/O, occupational psychology can be traced back to ?
WW1
WW2
Medieval Times
The 1960's
Work, I/O, occup psychology is principally concerned with ?
Individuals
Teams
Organisations
All of the above
Some useful principles of ethical conduct for work, I/O occupational psychologists include the following:
Recognising levels of analysis, integrity and competence
Respect, responsibility and leadership
Respect, competence, responsibility and integrity
Honesty, integrity, perspective and leadership
The war of talent is a phrase that expresses:
How an organisations sucess is based on its ability to attract, develop and reatain talented employees
Business is similar to war
An organisations ability to succeed is based on adopting management techniques used in the armed forces
Importance of talent pool
Compencty Frameworks should
include competencies with clear behavioural indicators
Include at least 8 competencies
A and B
None
What is considered to be the foundation of selection
Job rotation
Job evaluation
Job analysis
Job satisfaction
What does KSAO stand for when analysing job roles?
Knowledge, scores, ability and other interests
Knowledge, skills, ability and other characteristics
Knowledge, scores, attidues and other characteristics
Knowledge, scales, ability and other skills
Selection processes should take into account methods that are:
Valid
Reliable
Fair
BARS are _________ rating scales that assess behaviour
Ability
Actual
Anchored
Accurate
Job interviews are most effective in predicting job performance when they are:
Long
Semi-Structured
Structured
Intense
Organisations are most likely to use these selection methods:
Biodata, work sample tests and references
Application forms and biodata
Graphology and polygraph tests
References, psychometrics, interviews
An example of output performance criteria is:
Sales volume
creativity
Initiative
Absenteeism
Research on performance ratings indicates that:
peer ratings are more reliable than supervisor ratings
supervisor ratings are more reliable than peer ratings
peer and supervisor ratings are equally reliable
self-ratings are more reliable than peer or supervisor ratings
Multi-source performance ratings can also be referred to as:
360 feedback
180 feedback
all round feedback
Which of the following is not a way of increasing the chances of success when introducing multi-source performance ratings?
give the appraisee a comprehensive pack containing all of the feedback and ratings from each rater to review on their own and plan their development
evaluate the system
give the apraisee a one to one feedback session
use multi source ratings primarily for development
Albert Bandura explanation of how we learn by others is called:
Social learning theory
Operant Conditioning
Behaviour modelling training
Who is known for the instructional systems design model?
Schmidt and Hunter
Smith and Carter
Goldstein and Ford
Bakker and Schaurfeli
Which is not a phase in the training cycle?
Training needs analysis
Training evaluation
Training design
Training development
What does HTA stand for?
Hierarchal Task Analysis
Higher Training Attitude
Hitting Target Aim
Hierarchal Training Analysis
Hackman and Oldham core job dimensions include:
Task variety, Skill identity and autonomy
Task identity, Skill variety and skill significance
Autonomy, Skill identity, and task variety
Feedback, Skill variety and task significance
Which of the following is NOT true of intrinsic rewards?
They are a way of undestanidng why some activities are inherently rewarding
Their effect can be undermined by extrinsic rewards
They were first decribed and understood in behaviourist
They are important for understanding why people will freely choose to do tasks
Which of the following theorists developed a theory specifically for work motivation?
Herzberg
Maslow
McCellend
Rorschach
Which of these personality traits is assosciated with higher performance motivation?
Agreeableness
Contientousness
Extraversion
Psyhcotism
Self efficiancy is an important part of goal setting theory because:
it determines what kind of deefback we need
it affects how committed we are to the goasls
it can counteract goal complexity
it improves our level of satisfaction with the goals
Which of the following is NOT one of McCellands needs?
Need for Achievement
Need for Esteem
Need for Affiliation
Need for Power
Which of the following is NOT a component of Vrooms expectancy theory?
Valence
Instrumentality
Expectancy
Efificacy
Locke and Latham are best known or which approach to motivation?
Equity Theory
Self determination Theory
Goal Setting Theory
Need Theory
The mechanist view of communication in organisations
Sees people as passive recipients of the message
focuses on the different ways a message can be intepreted
Recognises that we suffer from information overload
Explores the impact of IT on communication
Proxemics is the study of
Body Language
The role of interpersonal space in communication
Personal relationship at work
The impact of personal apperrance on communication
The kinesic communication channel is often used to
express emotion
reduce anxiety
enhance brand awareness
pass on a complex message
Which of the following is NOT one of the four main structural of dimensions of communication in organisations
Clarity
Complexity
Centralisation
Configuration
Jargon is often used
As a shorthand for common work elements
To speed up communication with outsiders
To avoid having to use email
To explain a complex issue in plain language
Which of the folloing examples of organisational communication are assosociated with a regulative functional network?
Bulletin Boards
Policy Statements
Verbal Praise
Suggestion Boxes
Paralanguage is
The words we use when we speak
The sounds, noise and way we say words not the words themselves
The meaning of the words
The sumbolic use of the words
Informal communication networks
Tend to have longer communication chains than formal networks
Often contain much of the important communication at work
Usually have more women than ment in them
Tend to take the form of a wheel
Real teams can be distinguised from peuedo teams by
The interdependence of the team members
Team members having independent objectives
Members not being sure whether they are in the team or not
The frequence of meetings
For conceptual tasks, teams perform best when interdependence is
high
low
medium
a and b
Self leadership is beneficial for
Manual tasks only
All team tasks
conceptual tasks only
behavioural tasks only
The google Re. Work project identified which characteristic as the most important in team effectiveness?
Team Cohesion
Dependability
Psychological Safety
Task meaning
Which of the following has NOT been found to be an important climate element creatice teams?
risk-taking
open comunication
strong leadership
Acceptance of ambiguity
According to Tuckman's model, what process often follows the initial forming of a team?
Norming
Storming
Performing
Adjourning
West and Unsworth propose which two dimensions are important to understanding effective teams?
Task reflecivity and Social reflexivity
Task reflexivity and Team viability
Performance Reflexivity and Social Reflexivity
Social Reflexivity and Team Viaibility
In West's model of team effectiveness 'organisational climate' is considered as what sort of factor?
Input Factor
Process Factor
Outcome Factor
Irrelevant Factor
According to Kotter (2001), good leadership is about coping with _____ while good management is about coping with ________
Complexity, implentation
Strategy, implementation
Change, Complexity
Complexity, Change
The Ohio and Michigan studies identified two dimensions of leader behaviour, which together can broadly be labelled
Task focus and time focus
initiating stucture and itiating change
Employee orientation and consideration
People orientation and task orientation
In Fielders contingency theory of leadership, there are three variables in the leaders situation that need to be assessed. which of the following is NOT one of these variables
Leader-member relations
Least preferered coworker
Task structure
Position power
Passive Management by exception is
One of the leader styles identified by Blake and Mouton
A form of transactional leadership
Also known as contingent reward leadership
A form of trandormational leadersip
The GLOBE project identified some leader attributes that were endorsed positively in most cultures these were
Participative and team oriented
Autonomous and humane oriented
Team oriented and charismatic
Charismatic and participative
According to the SIT perspective on leadership, which of the following is a key dimension for effective leadership?
Leadership prototypicality
Transformational leadership
Management by exception
Team orientation
According to Walumbwa, the four key components of authentic leadership include:
Self awareness and Balanced processing
Idealised influence and ispirational motivation
Internalised Moral perspective and idealised influence
Self awareness and individualsised consideration
According to implicit Leadership Theory, which of the folloing are sources of prejudice
Leadership is associated as more strereotypical of men than women
Men feel that women are less interested in leadership positions than men
Women displaying leadership behaviours are evaluated less favourably then men
A + C
Gersicks punctuated equilibrium model of chance considers three main compoments which of there is NOT one of them?
Deep Structure
Status Quo
Reloutionary periods
Equilibrium periods
The first two steps in kotters change model are:
Never let up, incoporate change into the culture
Establish a sense of urgency, develop a change vision
Establish a sense of urgency, create a guiding coalition
Develop a change vision, generate short-term wins
Action research was developed by Lewin as
A way for ther practioner to implement change
A wayfor researchers to identidy clear step-change plans
An approach to understanding how groups interact
A compromise between the scientific method and intuition
Which of the following is NOT one of the four factors in Oreg resistance to change measure?
Routine seeking
Dsitrust
Emotional Reaction
Cognitive Rigidity
Psychosocial transition theory is a way of understanding
The impact of change on social groups
Our psychological reactions to change
How organisational change affects employees' home lives
How change causes mental illness
In terms of organisational culture, what name does Schien give to the visible organisational structures and processess as manifestations of culture
Features
Artefacts
Elements
Assumptions
Which of the following is NOT a dimension in Hostedes model of national culture?
Individualism
Masculinity
Future thinking
Power distance
The GLOBE study of cultural influences at work focused on whcih elements of organisations?
Motivation
Selection
Climate
Leadership
Changing expectations about careers means that the job for _______ no longer applies to many organisations
Development
Learning
Life
Career
The _____ is an unwritten set of expectations about how the employee will perform at work, and what they expect from the organisation in return
Psychological contract
Cognitive contract
Employee contract
Proxy contract
How many stages of development are there in Erikkson's stags of development model?
10
8
7
5
Career ____ is the process of guiding people about their career choices
interviweing
assessment
consultancy
counselling
What is the fourth stage in Super's model?
Exploration
Growth
Maintenance
Decline
What type of career intervention would allow people to better understand their individual differences and the kind of work that would appeal to their traits, skills, abilities and interests?
Career-counselling
Prep for tranisiton
Mentoring
Developmental programmes
Which of the activities below could be encouraged to facilitate career progression?
Extra pay
Joining a recruitment agency
Networking
Turning up early for work
Nicholsons model is called the ___ cycle
transition
socialisation
change
in the cognitive appraisal of stress, Folman and Lazarus distinguish between primary and secondary appraisal. Secondary appraisal refers to:
An appraisal of an event as potentiallly harmful or beneficial
An evaluation of our coping options
Listing pros and cons of a situation
A decision about whther or not an enxounter is relevant to our well-being
The cost of work-related stress in organisations can be estiamted in terms of?
Lost productivirty
Compensation claims
All of them
Which of the following is an example of personal resources than can eb drawn on in the job demands resoirce model?
Self efficacy
Rewards
Social support
Workload
Burnout is _______ correlated with engagement and _____ correlated with workaholism
Negatively, Positively
Neg, Neg,
Pos, Pos,
Positively, Negatively
Which of the following could be an organisational symptom of stress?
Reduced absenteeism
High performance
Long hours culture
Good staff morale
According to Palmer et al (2004) there are six potential hazards in the workplace, which of these is NOT one of them?
control
support
responsibility
The three stages in Seyle's general adaptaion syndrome model of stress are:
Alarm, resistance, exhaustion
Alarm, reaction, exhaustion
Alarm, resistance, emotion
Alarm, response, exhaustion
Secondary interventions to manage stress in the workplace focus on :
trying to remove the source of stress
providing counselling to employees
Encouraging a participative management style
Helping employees to modify their reaction to stressors
In positive psychology, Eudaimonia is the name given to one of the paths to authentic happiness. It involves:
seeking to use and develop the best in ourselves
seeking pleasure in our activities
seeking to contribute to the wider community
seeking to work towards a higher purpose
students who were categorised as flourishing in Howell's 2009 research were found to have:
higher levels of perseverance
slightly lower grades
lower levels of helplessness
lower absence rates
According to Maslow, self-actualisation is:
A good way of motiating people at work
Engaged in by the majority of students and young adults
A long, difficult process
A simple model of motivation
Humanistic Psychology has been criticised for:
being too optimistic about people
not being scientifically rigorous
being overly simplistic
not tkaing account of the 'dark side' of human nature
in the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions, experiencing emotions such as joy or pride can help us develop personal resources such as:
social relationships
a higher salary
instinctive response to threats
none of the above
which of these is NOT a feature of strengths-based development?
identifying your strengths
finding ways to use strenghts in your work
developing your weaknesses
improving relationships with others
Of all the strengths defined in the Character Strengths and Virtues (CSV) guiide, which virtue is most strongly associated with work satisfaction in jobs directly involving other peple?
Justice
Humour
Forgiveness
Humanity
The best way to increase the likelihood of flow experiences at work is to:
give employees more holidays
give employees more autonomy
ensure that employyes have clear goals
Introduce flexitime
Ethical psychological research should be based around these principles:
Informed consent, confidentiality, withdrawal and debriefing
Informed consent, confidentiality, clarity and debriefing
Informed consent, confidentiality, clarity and rapport
Informed consent, consent, rapport, support services
Which one of the following are examples of the sources of information that evidence based practitioners should use?
The perspectives of those who may be affected by an intervention
The practitioners own experience
both a and b
neither
A challenge for many occupational psychologists in promoting evidence-based practice is:
Research results are so contradictory
They are often acting in a consultative capacity rather than as final decision makers
It is usually better to follow 'gut instinct' than use evidence to make decisions
Managers think they know best
How many questions beginning with A should you ask when considering evidence based practice?
4
6
17
What evidence should you consider for evidence based practice?
scientific research
professional judgement
organisational data
all of the above
Which one is NOT what Frese considers to be a factor of the changing nature of work?
Faster rate of innovation
Enhanced bureaucracy
Global competition
Increased teamwork
Who used the term soulful when talking about reinventing organisations?
Laloux
Lashey
Latham
Lewis