Fundamentals Written Final Prep

The most commonly accepted theory regarding electricity says that an electric current is a flow of ____________________ through a conductor.

In the realm of electricity - as is also the case in pneumatics and hydraulics - current moves from a location of ____________ pressure to an area of ____________ pressure.

The name of the unit we use to describe our body weight is the pound. Likewise, the name of the unit we use to describe electrical pressure is the ____________.

The name of the unit we use to describe electrical current is the ____________.

The name of the unit we use to describe resistance against the flow of electrical current is the ____________.

All materials give at least some amount of resistance to the flow of electricity. However, the resistance given by some metals is very small and we say these metals are good ____________.

There is a mathematical relationship between the voltage, current, and resistance in an electrical circuit. We express this relationship with the equation E = I x R. This relationship is called ____________ Law.

When a large number of free electrons collect on a piece of non-conductive material, creating an electric field which might attract hair and small bits of paper, we call this an example of ____________ electricity.

One pole of a small, permanent bar magnet, if it is left free to move, will point toward the north geographic pole of the earth. Which magnetic pole of the small magnet points to the earth's geographic north pole?

Magnets have two poles, named north and south. Lines of magnetic flux connect these two poles, moving from one to the other and creating what we call a magnetic field. Outside of the magnet, we say that the lines of force move from ____________ to ____________.

If two magnets are brought near to one another, with the ____________ poles facing each other, then the magnets will be attracted to one another.

If two magnets are brought near to one another, with the ____________ poles facing each other, then the magnets will be repelled from one another.

When a wire is forced to move through a magnetic field, what is created in the wire?

When electricity is forced to flow through a wire, what is created in the space around the wire?

Michael Faraday is considered one of the most important pioneers in the development of electric generators and motors. One of his most significant contributions was the development of sliding electrical contacts which are called ____________.

When the number 1200 is written in the form 1.2 x 10^3 it still equals the same quantity; and this new form of notation is referred to as "____________ notation."

Insert the correct prefix (modifier...single-letter initial) to make this statement true: 1,500,000 V = 1.5 ___V.

Insert the correct prefix (modifier...single-letter initial) to make this statement true: 0.003 A = 3.0 ___A.

Insert the correct prefix (modifier...single-letter initial) to make this statement true: 2,200 Ω = 2.2 _____Ω.

Name the unit we use to describe electrical "power."

Name the unit we use to describe electrical "energy."

Semiconductors have 4 valence electrons in their outer shell. Conductors generally have ________________ 4 valence electrons in their outer shell.

Insulators are graded by their "dielectric strength," measured in volts per mil. This means that a dielectric with a V/mil of 500, and a thickness of 1 mil, can stand up to 500 volts of electrical pressure trying to force electrons to flow through it. The oxidized form of one very common conductor has an extremely high dielectric strength of 20,000 V/mil. This very non-conductive metal oxide is ________________ oxide.

How does the resistance of a wire change as the wire is made longer?

One of the most common forms of low-power fixed resistors is comprised of a conductive paste, coating a small ceramic tube, with metal end-caps and leads. This is called the ________________ film resistor.

Most variable resistors have 3 leads: one lead from each end of the main resistor element and one lead from the movable conductor, called the wiper. There are 2 standard ways to wire a variable resistor into a circuit. One way involves tying the wiper lead to one of the end-leads. thus turning the variable resistor into a 2-lead component. This style is called a ________________ and it is used primarily for controlling electric current.

Most variable resistors have 3 leads: one lead from each end of the main resistor element and one lead from the movable conductor, called the wiper. There are 2 standard ways to wire a variable resistor into a circuit. One way leaves it in the circuit as a 3-lead component, used primarily for controlling voltage. This style of variable resistor is called a ________________.

A network of components and conductors arranged and interconnected to allow a controlled flow of electric current from the positive side of a voltage source, through a load, and back to the negative side of the source is called an electric ________________.

Ohm's Law is: ________________ = ________________ x ________________

When a meter is placed into a circuit to take measurements, it always draws off some amount of current, be it ever so small. This impact that a meter has on a circuit is referred to as meter _________________.

The most used "reference" point when measuring voltages in electrical and electronic circuits is also an electrically "common" point in the circuit that is generally tied to one side of the voltage source. This point is commonly called __________________.

20 kΩ equal ___________.

Energy that is being stored for possible use is technically or scientifically known as ________________ energy.

Energy that is in motion, performing work in the moment is technically or scientifically known as _____________________ energy.

1 Watt = 1 Volt x 1 ___________

In electricity, power may be calculated as Watts = I^2 x _________.

In a circuit with a source voltage of 120V, the voltage drop across a short circuit equals __________.

1 HP = about 750 _____________.

In a circuit with a source voltage of 120V, the voltage drop across an open circuit equals ____________.

A series circuit has ______________ path(s) for current to follow.

If current is measured in two different parts of a series circuit, the two measurements will be __________________.

In a series circuit, consisting of one voltage source and three resistors, the sum of all the voltage drops across the three resistors will be equal to _________________.

In a series circuit, consisting of one voltage source and three resistors, if the resistance of one of the resistors is increased the voltage drop across it will ____________________________.

In a series circuit consisting of one voltage source and two resistors, if the values of the resistors are equal we can assume that their voltage drops will be __________________.

In a parallel resistor circuit, the voltage drop is ________________________ across all the resistors in the parallel network.

In a parallel resistor circuit, if all the resistors are of the same value the current is __________________ through each of the resistors.

In a parallel resistor circuit, if all the resistors are of different values the branch with the smallest resistor value will have the _________________ current flow.

Total resistance in a parallel circuit is always _______________ the smallest resistor value.

Two 100Ω resistors are connected in parallel. What is their combined resistance?

When electric current flows through a coil of wire it transforms the coil into a "temporary" device which is called a(n) ____________________.

As a wound coil is stretched out longer (like stretching a slinky) the intensity of its magnetic field _________________.

The type of electrical generator which puts out AC is called a(n) ___________________.

The time required to complete one full alternating sine wave of AC is called the ___________________ of the waveform.

The number of complete waveforms that occur in a single second of time is called the _________________ of the waveform.

What is the unit we use to describe "cycles per second"?

A _________________ is a device that combines an electromagnet with one or more sets of switch contacts.

A coil with a moving armature, used to create short-stroke linear motion, is called a _____________________.

When a relay is not energized, what resistance should you read across the NC (normally-closed) contacts?

If the frequency of an AC signal increases, the time of a single wave cycle __________________.

What is the more informal and physically descriptive name of the electrical component we call the inductor?

Inductance gives opposition to any change in circuit _________________.

When an inductor is first being energized with a DC current, the opposition to current changes is in the form of "back __________."

When an inductor is quickly removed from a power source, a forward voltage comes out of the coil which can be very high. This is commonly called __________ ___________ voltage.

The variable used to designate "inductance" in an equation is the letter __________.

The primary unit with which we quantify inductance is the _________________.

As an inductor is stretched out longer (like a slinky) its inductance _______________.

When a permeable core material is added to a hollow inductor, its inductance ______________.

If we reduce the number of turns of wire in an inductor its inductance _________________.

A transformer has 10 turns in its primary side and 40 turns in its secondary side. If 60VAC is applied to the primary the voltage measured across the secondary will be __________________.

The name of the unit used to describe the quantity of capacitance in a capacitor is the _______________.

As the common surface area of a capacitor's plates increases, the capacitance ______________.

As the dielectric thickness of capacitors increases, separating the plates further apart, the capacitance ______________.

Which has a higher dielectric constant?

Capacitors effectively block _______________ current but appear to allow ________________ current to pass through.

CT = C1 + C2 + C3 + ... + Cn is the formula used to calculate total capacitance for capacitors connected in _______________.

A transformer has a 4 : 1 turns ratio. If the secondary voltage is 10V and secondary power is 40W, what is the primary current?