Atheroma starts as fatty and cellular infiltration of the endothelium. Later becomes larger, ❌ and ❌ and may block 80% of the XS of parts of the coronary arteries. (put them in alphabetic order)
What’s responsible for the drastically reduced force output in EARLY ischaemic failure?
Changes in pH
Changes in Pi
Failure of excitation-contaction coupling
Low ATP
True or false: ROS = Reactive Oxygen Species.
Why does early reperfusion cause complete recovery whereas late reperfusion does not?
On reperfusion damage mitochondria produce Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) from O2, which damage membrane and contractile proteins
Coupled exchanger theory causes Ca2+ overload which activates Ca2+-activated proteases and causes cell damage
Both of the above
[none of the above]
True or false: ROS can cause damage through protein modification whereby –SH groups are oxidised into –S-S- groups.
True or false: ROS can cause damage through protein modification whereby –S-S- groups are oxidised into –SH groups.
Excess ROS leads to specific mitochondrial damage in which the MPTP opens. MPTP = ??
Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore
Modification of Protein Transition Pore
Mitochondrial Pore Transition Permeability
Mitochondrial Pore Transition Protein
When the MPTP opens, Oxidative phosphorylation Stops Starts Increases Decreases( Stops, Starts, Increases, Decreases ), mitochondrial contents leak out, and the cell will eventually die by necrosis.
