What’s the most common type of heart disease, and leading cause of death?
Coronary Artery Disease
Stroke
Death
Peripheral Artery Disease
Central Artery Disease
There are two major categories of stroke. 80% are which one?
Ischaemic
Haemorrhagic
Platelets are disc-shaped fragments produced by __________.
Megakaryotes
Megakaryocytes
Minikaryocytes
Minikaryotes
Spleen
Blasts
Average platelet count is:
150,000 – 400,000 / μL
150 – 400 / μL
1,500 – 4,000 / μL
15,000 – 40,000 / μL
150,000 – 40,000 / μL
Which of the following are functional responses of platelets?
Primary adhesion
Shape change
Aggregation
Granule release
Procoagulant function
Anticoagulant function
Secondary adhesion
Antiapoptotic function
Proapoptotic function
Carry Oxygen
Shape change is a crucial functional response of platelets to …something. They change shape from ❌ to ❌
Which receptor/ligand interactions occur during which bit?
Fibrin generation at the site of vascular injury has a crucial role in anchoring the thrombus to the vessel. It requires initiation of coagulation and generation of thrombin. This depends on Tissue Factor (TF) expression on the surface of Smooth Muscle Cells (SMCs) Vascular Endothelial Cells (VECs) Vascular Epithelial Cells (VECs) Skeletal Muscle Cells (SMCs) Cardiac Muscle Cells (CMCs)( Smooth Muscle Cells (SMCs), Vascular Endothelial Cells (VECs), Vascular Epithelial Cells (VECs), Skeletal Muscle Cells (SMCs), Cardiac Muscle Cells (CMCs) ) and fibroblasts.
Platelet-mediated fibrin clot retraction shrinks the size of the blood clot. Thought to be important for stabilising the clot against shear forces of blood flow. This requires:
Integrin αIIbβ3
Fibrin
Myosin/contractile force
Actin cytoskeleton
Which of the following are prothrombotic and which are antithrombotic? ADP: Pro Anti( Pro, Anti ); Aspirin: Anti Pro( Anti, Pro ); Epinephrine: Pro Anti( Pro, Anti ); Clopidogrel: Anti Pro( Anti, Pro ); Collagen: Pro Anti( Pro, Anti ); Heparin: Anti Pro( Anti, Pro ); Thrombin: Pro Anti( Pro, Anti );
Does Aspirin prevent initial platelet adhesion?
Nope
Yeah
Does Aspirin prolong skin bleeding time?
Yep
What’s the efficacy of Aspirin?
~5-10%
~15%
~25%
~30-50%
~50-70%
~75%
~85%
~90-95%
Does Aspirin inhibit prostacyclin synthesis?
Does Aspirin stimulate prostacyclin synthesis?
Does Aspirin suppress the release of thrombogenic factors from platelets?
Integrin αIibβ3 (GPIIbIIIa) inhibitors are:
Antithrombotic (but can cause severe bleeding)
Prothrombotic (but can cause severe bleeding)
Antithrombotic (but can't cause severe bleeding)
Prothrombotic (but can't cause severe bleeding)
Which of the following are CURRENT (not further potential) antithrombotic treatments:
Inhibitors of platelet activation
Inhibitors of platelet adhesion
PAR antagonists
Homeopathy
PAR antagonists are under development as a potential novel antithrombotic. What’s PAR?
Protease-Activated Receptor
Protease-Antigen Receptor
Protease-Antagonist Receptor
Protease-Agonist Receptor
Protease-Activating Receptor