In the blocking send, blocking receive
both sender and receiver are blocked until message is delivered
none of the above
the sending process sends the message and resumes operation
the sending process sends the message while receiver is blocked
The table _____ contains the base address of each page in physical memory
process
memory
page
frame
A state is safe, if:
the system can allocate resources to each process in some order and still avoid deadlock
the system does not crash due to deadlock occurrence
the state keeps the system protected and safe
all of the above
In fixed sized partition, the degree of multiprogramming is bounded by ____
the memory size
the number of partitions
the CPU utilization
_____ is generally faster than _____
worst fit, best fit
best fit, first fit
first fit, best fit
The two atomic operations permissible on semaphores are: (several answer)
wait
signal
hold
stop
Program:
is the device where information stored
is a sequence of the instructions
is a device that performs a sequence of operations specified by instructions in memory
is typically characterized by interactive processing and time-slicing of the CPU’s time to allow quick response to each user
"Mutual exclusion" condition for deadlock is defined as:
Only one process may use a resource at a time
No resource can be forcibly removed from process holding it
Process holds a resource while awaiting for other resource
Each process holds resource needed by next process in chain
"Hold and wait" condition for a deadlock is defined as:
A monitor is a type of:
high level synchronization construct
low level synchronization construct
semaphore
What is NOT the example of consumable resources?
Information in I\O buffers
Signals
Main memory
Messages
Which one is a synchronization tool?
socket
thread
pipe
A Process Control Block (PCB) does not contain which of the following?
stack
data
process state
bootstrap program
With _____ only one process can execute at a time; meanwhile all other process are waiting for the processor. With _____ more than one process can be running simultaneously each on a different processor.
Multiprocessing, multiprogramming
Uniprogramming, Multiprocessing
Multiprogramming, Uniprocessing
Multiprogramming, Multiprocessing
Memory:
This resource can be safely used by only one process at a time and is not depleted by that use:
refurbished resource
replenishing resource
reusable resource
refreshing resource
Which of the following condition is required for the deadlock to be possible?
mutual exclusion
no resource can be forcibly removed from a process holding it
a process may hold allocated resources while awaiting assignment of other resources
The _____ is used as an index into the page table
page number
page offset
frame bit
frame offset
A page fault:
occurs when a program accesses a page of memory
is a reference to a page belonging to another program
is an access to a page not currently in memory
is an error is a specific page
A state of a process is defined by:
the activity is just executed by the process
the final activity of the process
the activity to next be executed by the process
the current activity of the process
Suppose that a process is in “Blocked” state waiting for some I\O service. When a service is completed, it goes to the:
Ready state
Running state
Terminated state
Suspended state
The link between two processes P and Q to send and receive a message is called:
message-passing link
communication link
synchronization link
Message passing system allows processes to:
share data
communicate with one another without resorting to shared data
name the recipient or sender of the message
communicate with one another by resorting shared data
Which of the following statements is false?
I\O transfers are more efficient with large pages
a large page size causes instructions and data that will not be referenced brought into primary storage
a small page size causes large page tables
internal fragmentation is increased with small pages
The systems which allows only one process execution at a time, are called:
unitasking systems
uniprocessing systems
uniprogramming systems
unicasting systems
Remote Procedure Calls (RPC) are used:
for communication between two processes on separate systems
for communication between two processes on the same systems
for communication between two processes remotely different from each other on the same system
A minimum of _____ variable(s) is/are required to be shared between processes to solve the critical section problem?
two
three
one
four
This resource can be created and destroyed
resumable resource
restartable resource
consumable resource
finite resource
Fixed-length block of data in secondary memory is called:
frames
segments
pages
A relationship between processes such that each has some part (critical section) which must not be executed while the critical section of another is being executing, is known as?
Multitasking
Semaphore
Mutual exclusion
multiprogramming
Every address generated by the CPU is divided into two parts:
Segmentation suffers from external fragmentation?
For each process OS creates and manages:
Process control block
Program code
Program
Thread control block
What is a trap/exception?
user generated interrupt caused by an error
failure of the system
hardware generated interrupt caused by an error
software generated interrupt caused by an error
What is the reusable resource:
that can be used by more than one process at a time
that can be used by one process at a time and is not depleted by that use
that can be shared between various threads
Interprocess communication:
allows the processes to only synchronize their actions without communication
allows processes to communicate and synchronize their actions when using the same address space
allows processes to communicate and synchronize their actions without using the same address space
Which of the following transitions is not possible?
blocked to running
running to blocked
blocked to ready
ready to running
Any program, no matter how small, will occupy an entire partition results in:
internal fragmentation
segmentation
paging
external fragmentation
This matrix defines requirements of processes i for the resources j
Allocation matrix
Resource matrix
Request matrix
Claim matrix
Several processes access and manipulate the same data concurrently and the outcome of the execution depends on the particular order in which the access takes place, is called a(n) _____
Entry section
race section
shared memory segments
process synchronization
The context of a process in the PCB of a process DOES NOT contain:
context switch time
the process state
memory-management information
the value of the CPU registers
External fragmentation will not occur when:
no matter which algorithm is used, it will always occur
first fit is used
best fit is used
next fit is used
A deadlock avoidance algorithm dynamically examines the _____, to ensure that a circular wait condition can never exist
resources
operating system
resource allocation state
system storage state
The process control block is:
process type variable
data structure
block in memory
secondary storage section
This illustrates the progress of two processes competing for two resources:
joint process diagram
joint ingres diagram
joint regress diagram
joint progress diagram
In a multiprogramming environment:
the programs are developed by more than one person
more than one process resides in the memory
single user can execute many programs at the same time
the processor executes more than one process at a time
When high priority task is indirectly preempted by medium priority task effectively inverting the relative priority of the two tasks, the scenario is called:
priority exchange
priority inversion
priority removal
priority modification
Main memory is broken into fixed-sized blocks called _____
The first fit, best fit and worst fit are strategies to select a
process from a queue to put in memory
free hole from a set of available holes
processor to run the next process
The Banker’s algorithm is referred to as
denial of service
resource allocation denial
loan allocation denial
resource allocation refusal
The code that changes the value of the semaphore is:
non-critical section code
remainder section code
critical section code
The two kinds of semaphores are: (Several answers)
mutex
counting
binary
decimal
"Circular wait" condition for deadlock is defined as:
Banker’s algorithm for resource allocation deals with:
deadlock prevention
deadlock recovery
deadlock avoidance
What is compaction?
a paging technique
a technique for overcoming fatal error
a technique for overcoming internal fragmentation
a technique for overcoming external fragmentation
Process is:
a job in secondary memory
a unit of activity characterized by execution of a sequence of instructions, a current state, and an associated set
contents of main memory
program in high level language kept on disk
A single thread of control allows the process to perform:
both
only one task at a time
multiple tasks at a time
none
When the memory allocated to a process is slightly larger than a process, then:
both will occur
external fragmentation occurs
internal fragmentation occurs
A problem encountered in multitasking when a process is perpetually denied necessary resources is called:
starvation
deadlock
aging
inversion
The memory allocation scheme subject to "internal fragmentation" is:
virtual memory segmentation
fixed partitioning
pure demand paging
Which one is deadlock avoidance algorithm?
dining philosophers problem
elevator algorithm
banker’s algorithm
round-robin algorithm
What is a method of memory allocation by which the program is subdivided into equal portions, or pages and core is subdivided into equal portions or blocks?
virtual memory
partition
Variable-length block of data that resides in secondary memory is called:
The memory allocation scheme subject to "external fragmentation" is:
swapping
multiple contiguous fixed partitioning
Four necessary conditions for deadlock to exist are: mutual exclusion, no-preemption, circular wait and
race condition
hold and wait
A binary semaphore is semaphore with integer values: (Several answers)
1
0
-1
0.5
Program always deals with:
logical address
physical address
relative address
absolute address
The systems which allows only one process execution at a time, are called
uniprocessing sysems
Swapping:
allows many programs to use memory simultaneously
allows each program in turn to use the memory
does not work with overlaying
When several processes access the same data concurrently and the outcome of the execution depends on the particular order in which the access take place, is called:
dynamic condition
critical condition
essential condition
If a page table entry is present in the TLB, then it is known as a:
buffer miss
TLB miss
page fault
TLB hit
With paging there is no _____ fragmentation
either type of
external
internal
The address of a page table in memory is pointed by:
page table base register
stack pointer
page register
program counter
What is a medium-term scheduler?
it selects which process has to be executed next and allocates CPU
it selects which process has to be brought into the ready queue
it selects which process has to remove from memory by swapping
"No preemption" condition for a deadlock is defined as:
Processor:
Fixed-length block of main memory is called _____
The initial value of the semaphore that allows only one of the many processes to enter their critical section, is?
2
10
Mutual exclusion means that:
if a process is executing in its critical section, then other processes must be executing in their critical section
if a process is executing in its critical section, then all the resources of the system must be blocked until it finishes exclusion
if a process is executing in its critical section, then no other process must be executing in their critical sections
For every process there is a _____.
pointer to page table
copy of page table
frame table
page table
In operating system, each process has its own
all of the mentioned
address space and global variables
set of data
program code
Listing the sequence of instructions that are executed is called:
trace
instruction
control block
The segment of code in which the process may change common variables, update tables, write into files known as:
critical section
program
non-critical section
Deadlock inevitable region can be referred as:
fun region
fatal region
final region
false region
How to solve a problem of equal-size partitions?
unequal-size partitions
compaction
Paging?
allows multiple programs to reside in separate areas of core at the time
is a method of memory allocation by which the program is subdivided into equal portions, or pages and core is subdivided equal portions or blocks
is a method of allocating processor time
consists of those addresses that may be generated by a processor during execution of a computation
In internal fragmentation, memory is internal to a partition and:
is not being used
is always used
is being used
A set of processes is deadlock if:
each process is blocked and will remain so forever
all processes are trying to kill each other
each process is terminated
A memory used to provide a high speed is called?
cache
main memory
disk buffer
In indirect communication between processes P and Q:
there is a mailbox to help communication between P and Q
there is another machine between the two processes to help communication
there is another process R to handle and pass on the messages between P and Q
Semaphore is a/an _____ to solve the critical section problem?
special program for a system
complex structure
integer variable
hardware for a system
Which of the following is not the state of a process?
new
running
old
ready
The address of the next instruction to be executed by the current process is provided by the:
CPU registers
process stack
Which of the following is not true about the memory management?
segmentation suffers from external fragmentation
paging suffers from internal fragmentation
virtual memory is used only in multi-user systems
segmented memory can be paged
The primary distinction between the short-term scheduler and long-term scheduler is:
the length of their queues
the type of processes the schedule
the frequency of their execution
In the non-blocking send, blocking receive:
sender continues on, receiver is blocked until the requested message arrives
the sending process keeps sending until it receives a message
The objective of multi-programming is to:
have multiple programs waiting in a queue ready to run
to maximize CPU utilization
to minimize CPU utilization
A system is in the safe state if:
a. the system can allocate resources to each process in some order and stil avoid a deadlock
b. there exist a safe sequence
both a and b
When memory is divided into a several fixed sized partitions, each partition may contain _____
exactly one process
at least one process
multiple processes at once
In the non-blocking send, non-blocking receive:
neither of processes are required to wait
the sending process keeps sending until the message is received
A process can be terminated due to:
fatal error
normal exit
killed by another process
What is a short-term scheduler?
In contiguous memory allocation:
each process is contained in a single contiguous section of memory
the memory space is contiguous
all processes is contained in a single contiguous section of memory
External fragmentation exists when:
the total memory is insufficient to satisfy a request
enough total memory exists to satisfy a request but it is not contiguous
a request cannot be satisfied even when the total memory is free
CPU fetches the instruction from memory according to the value of?
status register
instruction register
program status word
A sequence of instructions, in a computer language, to get the desired result, is known as:
algorithm
Semaphores:
are used for memory management
synchronize critical resources to prevent deadlock
are used to do I/O
synchronize critical resources to prevent contention
This matrix defines the current allocation to process i of the resource j
The operating system maintains a _____ table that keeps track of how many frames have been allocated, how many are there, and how many are available
segment
For non-sharable resources like a printer, mutual exclusion:
must exist
must not exist
may exist
If a process is executing in its critical section, then no other processes can be executing in their critical section. This condition is called
critical exclusion
asynchronous exclusion
synchronous exclusion
allows process to synchronize activity
is never necessary
is usually done via disk drives
is required for all processes
The available vector defines:
total amount of resources required for all processes
total amount of each resource in the system
total amount of each resource allocated to all processes
total amount of each resource NOT allocated to any process
A task in a blocked state
is running
is executable
must still be placed in the run queues
is waiting for same temporarily unavailable resources
What is NOT an example of reusable resource
semaphores
processors
interrupt
i/o channels
An un-interruptible unit is known as:
single
static
atomic
How to solve a problem of "external" fragmentation?
Runtime mapping from virtual to physical address is done by?
CPU
memory management unit
PCI
A solution to the problem of external fragmentation is:
larger memory size
unequal size parts
smaller memory space
in the non-blocking send, non-blocking receive:
Neither of processes are required to wait
The sending process keeps sending until it receives a message
The sending process keeps sending until the message is received
The sending process sends the message and resumes operation
In segmentation, each address is specified by:
A segment number and an offset
A page number and an offset
A frame number and an offset
A segment number and a key
Virtual memory takes advantage of:
Large secondary memory
Modular programming
Fast CPU
Scheduling
Which of the replacement algorithms selects for the next reference is the longest?
Optimal
LRU
Clock