which of these is not a viral cause of meningitis?
echovirus
mumps
herpes
influenza
HIV
adenovirus
Age Group Causes Newborns Group B , Escherichia coli, monocytogenes Infants and Children pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus type b Adolescents and Young Adults Neisseria meningitidis, pneumoniae Older Adults pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, monocytogenes
another worrying pathogen in pregnancy women is
which of these are not risk factors for meningitis?
CSF shunt
spinal procedure
bacterial endocarditis
diabetes
alcoholism/cirrhosis
IVDU
splenectomy
cystic fibrosis
CVD
hyperparathyroidism
pathophysiology of meningitis
activated leukocytes neutrophils macrophages eosinophils( leukocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophils ) --> inflammatory mediators --> cerebral oedema ischaemia haemorrhage( cerebral oedema, ischaemia, haemorrhage ) --> raised decreased( raised, decreased ) ICP --> decreased increased( decreased, increased ) blood flow to the brain
fill in the symptoms of meningitis
fill in the following table showing CSF results for meningitis
which of the following is not a contraindication for lumbar puncture without CT?
evidence of raised ICP e.g. papilloedema, focal signs, seizures, reducing GCS
trauma
immunocompromised
thrombocytopenia
headache
which antibiotic is used for treatment of meningitis?
ceftriaxone
amoxicillin
metronidazile
trimethoprim
which antibiotic is used to treat listeria meningitis
vancomycin
meropenem
which antibiotic is used for meningitis prophylaxis?
ciprofloxacin
gentamicin
meningococcal meningitis is a notifiable community disease
which of the following is not a complications of bacterial meningitis?
hearing loss
vasculitis
cerebral infarct
subdural effusion
hydrocephalus
arrhythmias
cerebral abscess
which of the following is not a viral cause of encephalitis?
herpes simplex
varicella zoster
measles
respiratory syncytial virus
cytomegalovirus
epistein-barr virus
rabies
which of the following is not a common bacterial cause of encephalitis?
TB
mycoplasma
listeria
lyme disease
brucella
staphylococcus
neurosyphilis
which of the following is not part of the classic clinical triad of encephalitis?
fever
photophobia
altered mental state
which of the following is the first line treatment for encephalitis?
metronidazole
aciclovir
dexamethasone can be used in both meningitis and encephalitis to treat RICP and reduce risk of complications
what is the mortality rate for people with encephalitis?
0-20%
10-30%
20-40%
30-50%
which of the following is not a symptoms of encephalitis?
neck stiffness
ataxia
seizures
dysphasia
cognitive impairment
dysphonia
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