Limbic System & Limbic System Neurotransmitters

Pregunta 1 de 63

1

"Hippo Hat"
HIPPO - hippocampus
H - hypothalamus
A - Amygdala
T - thalamus

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Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 63

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The purpose of the limbic system is

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process sensory information
it attaches emotional significance to our perceptions and drives our actions
allows is to act (move) in the world

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 63

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Feelings underlying love, altruism, morals, as well as anger, resentment, jealousy and greed are all generated by the limbic system.

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Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 63

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Selecciona la opción correcta del menú desplegable para completar el texto.

The limbic system is an ( integrative, separate, equilizing ) system that utilizes information from and has complex connections with, many different subsystems (motor, sensory, and autonomic systems).

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 63

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The following are functions of the limbic system

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Integrate all experiences
Attaches emotional value & drive responses to them
Consolidates emotional experiences into memories
Innervates organ systems and muscles that are not under voluntary control
Controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 63

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Which functions are the limbic system involved in?

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learning
sensory
memory
motor movement
emotion
executive function
homeostatic control

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 63

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limbic lobe was identified as consisting of a ring-like area of cortex on the medial surface of each cerebral hemisphere, including the cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus and septal cortex – all three of which are interconnected by a white matter pathway called the ( cingulum, striatum, mesolimbic pathway )

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 63

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The Papez Circuit includes the following areas of the brain:

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Olfactory tracts & cortex
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Hypothalamic nuclei (e.g. mammillary bodies)
Thalamic nuclei (anterior nucleus)
Orbitofrontal & dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 63

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Haz click en los puntos naranjas y selecciona una respuesta correcta para cada uno de ellos

Label the diagram:

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 63

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The Papez Circuit:
Hippocampus connects to ❌ through the fornix
Mammillary Bodes (Hypothalamus) connect to the ❌ through the mammilo-thalmic tract
Anterior nucli of the thalamus connect to ❌ through internal capsule
Cingulate gyrus connects to ❌ through cingulum

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

Mammillary Bodies (Hypothalamus)

Anterior nuclei of the thalamus

cingulate gyrus

hippocampus

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 63

1

In the Papez circuit, the hippocampus is connected to the Mamillary Bodies (Hypothalamus) by the

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

mammillo-thalamic tract
fornix
internal capsule
cingulum

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 63

1

In the Papez Circuit, the Mammillary Bodies (hypothalamus) are connected to the anterior nuclei of the thalamus by the

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

fornix
mammillo-thalamic tract
internal capsule
cingulum

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 63

1

In the Papez Circuit, the anterior nuclei of the thalamus is connected to the cingulate gyrus by the

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

fornix
mammillo-thalamic tract
internal capsule
cingulum

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 63

1

In the Papez Circuit, the cingulate gyrus is connected to the hippocampus by the

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

fornix
mammillo-thalamic tract
internal capsule
cingulum

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 63

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The functions of the limbic system can be divided into four basic categories:

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Olfaction
Homeostatic functions (autonomic & neuroendocrine)
Learning & memory
Emotions & Drives
Execution of movement

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 63

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One of the things that makes the olfactory system unique is that smells evoke strong feelings, emotionally enhance our experiences, and facilitate the establishment of memories (all key limbic system functions).

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Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 63

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Olfactory cortex includes a part of the orbitofrontal cortex and the medial aspect of the temporal lobe known as the pyriform cortex that includes a medial bulge known as the uncus.

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Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 63

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The uncus is of clinical significance because:

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Seizures can originate in this area (“uncinate fits”) and manifest as hallucinations of disagreeable odors
pathways that course through the uncus, and facilitate communication between specific hypothalamic nuclei and between the hypothalamus and many other brain regions
Lesions in the hemispheres of the brain can result in swelling (or edema), which can subsequently cause herniation of the uncus into the upper brainstem with serious consequences (“uncal herniation”)

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 63

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The limbic system modulates and, at times, directly activates the hypothalamus.

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Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 63

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( Explicit, Implicit ) memory refers to the conscious recollection of facts
( Explicit, Implicit ) memory refers to the subconscious learning of skills, habits or behaviors

Explicación

Pregunta 21 de 63

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Explicit memory includes

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semantic memory (facts and general knowledge)
Procedural memory (motor & cognitive skills)
Episodic memory (personally experienced events)
Priming (enhanced identification of objects and words)

Explicación

Pregunta 22 de 63

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The main structure in the limbic system that is important for establishing explicit memories is the

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amygdala
thalamus
hippocampus
hypothalamus

Explicación

Pregunta 23 de 63

1

Implicit memory refers to the subconscious learning of skills, habits or behaviors (e.g., how to ride a bike), and occurs through circuits of the

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Hippocampus
Extrapyramidal system
Thalamus
Cerebellum

Explicación

Pregunta 24 de 63

1

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Severe memory deficit is usually observed only when the damage is ( bilateral, unilateral )

Explicación

Pregunta 25 de 63

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When lesions/damage create issues in the consolidation process of placing short-term memories into long-term storage this is referred to as ( anterograde, retrograde ) amnesia while ( anterograde, retrograde ) amnesia refers to the loss of previously formed long-term memories.

Explicación

Pregunta 26 de 63

1

What brain structure is a major target in Alzheimer's Disease

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hypothalamus
hippocampus
amygdala
thalamus

Explicación

Pregunta 27 de 63

1

What nutritional deficiency causes Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome-

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Riboflavin
Folate
Thiamine
Niacin

Explicación

Pregunta 28 de 63

1

Thiamine deficiency in Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome, which is usually caused by ETOH can be manifested in

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inability to form memories
seizures
confabulation of facts
aggression

Explicación

Pregunta 29 de 63

1

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Prefrontal cortex:
( Dorsolateral, Ventomedial, Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) ) = executive, problem solving and analyzing
( Ventomedial, Dorsolateral, Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) ) = role in emotional processing
( Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), Dorsolateral, Ventomedial, Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) ) = regulate impulses, compulsions, and drives
( Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), Dorsolateral, Ventomedial, Orbitofrona ) = selective attention, emotions, depression, and anxiety

Explicación

Pregunta 30 de 63

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In the limbic system, the ________is responsible for constructing the perceptions of emotional feelings, making judgements about our experiences, and determining actions in response to the emotional value we place on our experiences

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hypothalamus
amygdala
prefrontal cortex
hippocampus

Explicación

Pregunta 31 de 63

1

The ________, which is part of the prefrontal cortex, is involved in impulse control, moral judgement, abstracting the rules of social interaction, and the ability to appreciate the consequences of one's actions

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dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
orbitofrontal cortex
ventomedial prefrontal cortex
anterior cingulate cortex

Explicación

Pregunta 32 de 63

1

The _________ is involved primarily in executive functions, contributing to our ability to prioritize and carry out actions, and adapt to change.

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orbitofrontal cortex
ventomedial prefrontal cortex
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
anterior cingulate cortex

Explicación

Pregunta 33 de 63

1

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( Mood, Temperament ) is an internal subjective state that fluctuates in response to physiological and environmental circumstances
( Mood, Temperament ) refers to the relatively stable characteristics and personality traits of individuals and how they engage with the world throughout their lifetime

Explicación

Pregunta 34 de 63

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When there is dysfunction of the limbic system circuits that give rise to mood and temperament, there can be a significant change in how an individual reacts in the world and with others.

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Explicación

Pregunta 35 de 63

1

The endogenous reward system involves which structures in the brain

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Prefrontal cortex
Ventral tegmental area (VTA)
Nucleus accumbens
Amygdala

Explicación

Pregunta 36 de 63

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Ventral tegmental area (VTA) is a tiny group of dopaminergic (releasing or involving dopamine as a neurotransmitter) neurons located in the midbrain that gives rise to two major projections or pathways:

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Fornix
Cingulum "association" pathway
Mesolimbic
Mesocortical

Explicación

Pregunta 37 de 63

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Mesolimbic:

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Projection is to the nucleus accumbens, and the amygdala.
projection is to the cortex, predominantly the prefrontal cortex
Involved in pleasure and reward; stimulation of this pathway results in a sense of pleasure
involved in motivational behavior; tied to pleasure and reward

Explicación

Pregunta 38 de 63

1

Mesocortical pathway:

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Projection is to the nucleus accumbens and the amygdala.
Projection is to the cortex, predominantly the prefrontal cortex
Involved in pleasure and reward; stimulation of this pathway results in a sense of pleasure
involved in motivational behavior; tied to pleasure and reward.

Explicación

Pregunta 39 de 63

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VTA and its projections to the nucleus accumbens is involved in virtually every type of addiction

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Explicación

Pregunta 40 de 63

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The ability to attach negative emotions to experiences, which then drive behavior, is what underlies survivability for all animals, including humans.

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Explicación

Pregunta 41 de 63

1

The major structure of the brain that pairs experience with emotion, including fear, is the __________, a subcortical nuclear complex located in the temporal lobe.

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hippocampus
hypothalamus
thalamus
amygdala

Explicación

Pregunta 42 de 63

1

Functions of the amygdala include:

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Determines emotional significance of sensory input
Coordinates a multisystem response to sensory input, especially that which requires immediate attention, such as potential threats
Facilitates the establishment of emotional memory
Influences sexual behavior and food & water intake.
release hormones to the anterior lobe by way of a special capillary bed

Explicación

Pregunta 43 de 63

1

Kluver-Bucy Syndrome is a clinical condition where the removal of the bilateral temporal lobes (including the amygdala) leads to:

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mild retrograde and severe anterograde amnesia;
orthostatic hypotension
hypersexual, docile and unresponsive to innate threats, and developed a voracious appetite.
poikilothermia, a condition in which body temperature varies with the environment.

Explicación

Pregunta 44 de 63

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The amygdala has widespread and often reciprocal connections to many areas of the brain, including the neocortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, nuclei of the extrapyramidal motor system, and thalamus.

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Explicación

Pregunta 45 de 63

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Amygdala receives direct projections from sensory relay nuclei of the ❌, bypassing the ❌ so that emotional significance can be paired with incoming sensory information even before there is a conscious perception of what the stimulus actually is.

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

thalamus

cortex,

Explicación

Pregunta 46 de 63

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The amygdala is involved in quickly reacting to acute threatening situations by:

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Receiving direct projections from sensory relay nuclei of the thalamus
Rapidly judging experiences and directing an immediate behavioral response
Activating the region of the hypothalamus involved in control of the SNS
Activating the PNS after the threat is over, to bring about a state of rest and relaxation

Explicación

Pregunta 47 de 63

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If the amygdala and associated limbic system circuits are continuously responding to perceptually stressful stimuli, such as in the setting of chronic stress, there can be negative consequences, including dysfunction of the immune system, the cardiovascular system, and parts of the nervous system.

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Explicación

Pregunta 48 de 63

1

Each of the nuclei in the limbic system uses a specific neurotransmitter to communicate with other parts of the brain.

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Explicación

Pregunta 49 de 63

1

Selecciona la opción correcta de los menús desplegables para completar el texto.

( Glutamate, GABA, Endocannabinoids, Serotonin, Noradrenaline, Dopamine, Acetylcholine ) = turns brain on; builds memory; regulates awareness, movement, sensation & mood
( GABA, Glutamate, Endocannabinoids, Serotonin, Noradrenaline, Dopamine, Acetylcholine ) - turns brain off; involved in sleep, sedation, relaxation, reducing anxiety & decreasing muscle tension
( Endocannabinoids, Glutamate, GABA, Serotonin, Noradrenaline, Dopamine, Acetylcholine ) = regulate pain, appetite
( Serotonin, Glutamate, GABA, Endocannabinoids, Noradrenaline, Dopamine, Acetylchonie ) = regulate mood, anxiety, appetite, sleep cycle
( Noradrenaline, Glutamate, GABA, Endocannabinoids, Serotonin, Dopamine, Acetylcholine ) = feelings of alertness, attention, concentration, raising BP, lifts mood, can cause anxiety
( Dopamine, Glutamate, GABA, Endocannabinoids, Serotonin, Noradrenaline, Acetyhlcholine ) = creates feelings of motivation and drive, liking, attention, pleasure & enjoyment in food
( Acetylcholine, Glutamate, GABA, Endocannabinoids, Serotonin, Noradrenaline, Dopamine ) = regulates sleep cycle and alertness and builds memory

Explicación

Pregunta 50 de 63

1

Within the CNS, there are high concentrations of cholinergic neurons in

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midbrain reticular formation (which facilitates wakefulness)
basal forebrain (crucial role in establishment of memory)
Raphe nucei
Nucleus locus coeruleus

Explicación

Pregunta 51 de 63

1

Acetylcholine acts on target neurons in the _ and the __, strengthening the neural circuits that are involved in memory formation.

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

prefrontal cortex
cerebral cortex
hippocampus
orbitocingulate cortex

Explicación

Pregunta 52 de 63

1

Rellena el espacio en blanco para completar el texto.

Serotonin (5–HT) is a monoamine (specifically, an indoleamine) that is produced by nuclei, small groups of serotonergic neurons in the reticular formation extending from the medulla to the midbrain

Explicación

Pregunta 53 de 63

1

Rellena el espacio en blanco para completar el texto.

Dopamine is a monoamine (specifically, a catecholamine) that is produced by several different nuclear groups in the brain. One of these nuclear groups – the – is located in the midbrain, and has major connections to limbic system structures via the mesolimbic and mesocortical pathways

Explicación

Pregunta 54 de 63

1

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( Mesolimbic pathway, Mesocortical pathway ) (VTA nucleus accumbens and other limbic system structures such as the amygdala) – involved in pleasure and reward; stimulation of this pathway results in a sense of pleasure.
( Mesolimbic pathway, Mesocortical pathway ) (VTA prefrontal cortex) – involved in motivational behavior; tied to pleasure and reward.

Explicación

Pregunta 55 de 63

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Dopamine (via the mesolimbic & mesocortical pathways) plays a major role in addiction. Any drug that elicits the subjective sense of pleasure or joy acts on these dopaminergic pathways (i.e., the endogenous reward system); and such drugs can be physiologically and/or psychologically addicting.

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Explicación

Pregunta 56 de 63

1

Norepinephrine is a monoamine (specifically, a catecholamine) that, in the CNS, is produced by the ____________, a tiny, paired nucleus that lies dorsolaterally in the pontine reticular formation.

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ventral tegmental area (VTA)
raphe nuclei
nucleus locus coeruleus
nucleus accumbens

Explicación

Pregunta 57 de 63

1

Monoamine neurotransmitters modulate our emotional response to the world and our mood. If the levels of the monoamines are increased, there is a feeling of well-being. If levels are decreased, the result can be depression.

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Explicación

Pregunta 58 de 63

1

The standard classes of medications used to treat depression modulate monoamine neurotransmitters. These drugs might facilitate the transmission of monoamine synaptic connections by:

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facilitate the release of neurotransmitters at the presynaptic terminal
block reuptake of neurotransmitters into the presynaptic terminal
prevent the breakdown of the neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft
facilitate the reuptake of neurotransmitters into the presynaptic terminal

Explicación

Pregunta 59 de 63

1

The four categories of "antidepressant" medications are:

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Tricyclic antidepressants
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
Selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Designer antidepressants – drugs specifically designed to affect one or more neurotransmitters at sites that are not targeted by TCAs, MAOIs or SSRIs
Going to dinner and drag on a Friday night

Explicación

Pregunta 60 de 63

1

Tricyclic antidepressants work by

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inhibiting monoamine oxidase is the enzyme that breaks down monoamine neurotransmitters therby increasing the availability of dopamine, serotonin and dopamine in the synaptic cleft
inhibiting the reuptake of monoamine neurotransmitters (particularly serotonin and norepinephrine), thereby increasing the concentration and availability of the monoamines to bind postsynaptic receptors.

Explicación

Pregunta 61 de 63

1

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Glutamate is the ( most, least ) used neurotransmitter in the nervous system and is ( always, never ) thought to cause an excitatory postsynaptic response.

Explicación

Pregunta 62 de 63

1

Neurons that release opioids are also involved in limbic system circuits; in fact, the highest density of opioid receptors is in limbic system structures.

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Explicación

Pregunta 63 de 63

1

Papez Circuit

Arrastra la opción correcta a cada uno de los puntos naranjas

Hippcampus

Mamillary Bodies

Fornix

Mammillo-thalamic tract

Anterior nuclei of the thalamus

Internal capsule

Cingulate gyrus

Cingulum

	Creado por Melanie Grynsztejn hace más de 6 años

Test sobre Limbic System & Limbic System Neurotransmitters, creado por Melanie Grynsztejn el 11/02/2018.

Limbic System & Limbic System Neurotransmitters

Limbic System & Limbic System Neurotransmitters

Pregunta 1 de 63

"Hippo Hat" HIPPO - hippocampus H - hypothalamus A - Amygdala T - thalamus

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 63

The purpose of the limbic system is

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 63

Feelings underlying love, altruism, morals, as well as anger, resentment, jealousy and greed are all generated by the limbic system.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 63

Selecciona la opción correcta del menú desplegable para completar el texto.

The limbic system is an integrative separate equilizing( integrative, separate, equilizing ) system that utilizes information from and has complex connections with, many different subsystems (motor, sensory, and autonomic systems).

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 63

The following are functions of the limbic system

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 63

Which functions are the limbic system involved in?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 63

Selecciona la opción correcta del menú desplegable para completar el texto.

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 63

The Papez Circuit includes the following areas of the brain:

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 63

Haz click en los puntos naranjas y selecciona una respuesta correcta para cada uno de ellos

Label the diagram:

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 63

The Papez Circuit: Hippocampus connects to ❌ through the fornix Mammillary Bodes (Hypothalamus) connect to the ❌ through the mammilo-thalmic tract Anterior nucli of the thalamus connect to ❌ through internal capsule Cingulate gyrus connects to ❌ through cingulum

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 63

In the Papez circuit, the hippocampus is connected to the Mamillary Bodies (Hypothalamus) by the

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 63

In the Papez Circuit, the Mammillary Bodies (hypothalamus) are connected to the anterior nuclei of the thalamus by the

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 63

In the Papez Circuit, the anterior nuclei of the thalamus is connected to the cingulate gyrus by the

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 63

In the Papez Circuit, the cingulate gyrus is connected to the hippocampus by the

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 63

The functions of the limbic system can be divided into four basic categories:

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 63

One of the things that makes the olfactory system unique is that smells evoke strong feelings, emotionally enhance our experiences, and facilitate the establishment of memories (all key limbic system functions).

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 63

Olfactory cortex includes a part of the orbitofrontal cortex and the medial aspect of the temporal lobe known as the pyriform cortex that includes a medial bulge known as the uncus.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 63

The uncus is of clinical significance because:

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 63

The limbic system modulates and, at times, directly activates the hypothalamus.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 63

Selecciona la opción correcta de los menús desplegables para completar el texto.

"Hippo Hat"
HIPPO - hippocampus
H - hypothalamus
A - Amygdala
T - thalamus

The limbic system is an ( integrative, separate, equilizing ) system that utilizes information from and has complex connections with, many different subsystems (motor, sensory, and autonomic systems).

The Papez Circuit:
Hippocampus connects to ❌ through the fornix
Mammillary Bodes (Hypothalamus) connect to the ❌ through the mammilo-thalmic tract
Anterior nucli of the thalamus connect to ❌ through internal capsule
Cingulate gyrus connects to ❌ through cingulum

( Explicit, Implicit ) memory refers to the conscious recollection of facts
( Explicit, Implicit ) memory refers to the subconscious learning of skills, habits or behaviors

Severe memory deficit is usually observed only when the damage is ( bilateral, unilateral )