Elizabeth I's foreign policy

What was the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis and when was it signed?

What were the implications of the treaty for England?

In 1558, what was the relationship between England and France like?

When did England sign the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis and what was the significance of this?

When did Francis II, husbands of Mary Stuart, succeed King Henry II as King of France?

What was the situation of Scotland in 1558?

What happened in Scotland in 1559?

How did Elizabeth respond to the rebellion in Scotland?

Which treaty confirmed the aid to the rebels and when was it signed?

What was the Treaty of Edinburgh and when was it signed?

What event/development reduced the immediate threat from France?

How long did the wars last for?

What else caused the Wars of the Religion and how did this involve Elizabeth?

What were the results of English involvement?

What fraction of England's overseas trade passed through Antwerp before being sold throughout the Low Countries?

What had Antwerp businessmen been upset by?

What motivated Granville, Phillip's chief minister in the Netherlands, to ban the import of all English cloth?

What was Elizabeth's response to this?

What did Phillip II announce his determination to do in 1567?

Which slave trader did Elizabeth, Cecil and Leicester finance and when did he sail?

How did Hawkins' voyages contribute to conflict between England and Spain?

Why did the presence of the Duke of Alva' army in the Netherlands threaten English security?

By 1568, what was the situation with the Dutch rebels?

What policy did Elizabeth employ?

What happened to Spanish bullion (gold or silver in bulk before coining, or valued by weight) ships on their way to the Netherlands to pay the Spanish army and when did this happen?

How did the Spanish respond to the confiscation of their Genoese loan?

Between 1568 and 1572, how did Elizabeth and Phillip create trouble for one another?

By what year did Phillip and Elizabeth agree to settle their differences and how did they do so?

In what year did Elizabeth expel the Dutch Sea Beggars (protestant rebels)? What was the consequence of this for Anglo-Spanish relations?

Over the next three years, what was the conflict of thought between Elizabeth and her council centred on?

What shaped Elizabeth's foreign policy in the first part of her reign?

The traditional English policy of playing France and Spain off against each other was not as possible after they had made peace in 1559. What did Elizabeth do instead?

What was the adverse affect of this?

Between 1572 and 1584, what was Elizabeth's aim towards the Netherlands?

What happened in 1572 in France? What was Elizabeth's response?

How successful was Elizabeth's policy of continuing to aid the Dutch rebels unofficially, sending money and volunteers and allowing English privateers to close the Channel to Spanish ships?

In what year was the Trade embargo between Spain and England lifted? What was the content of the agreement between the two countries?

What was the Spanish Fury and when did it occur?

What happened by the Pacification of Ghent? What did Elizabeth do in response?

When did Don Juan of Austria arrive with a new Spanish army and what did he do?

How did Elizabeth respond to this?

What did Elizabeth authorise in the same year?

Who signed an alliance with the Estates-General and William, Prince of Orange (the Dutch prince who was considered the leader of the Dutch rebels) and intervened in the Netherlands? What year?

Why did the problem of Scotland revive briefly?

When was the Duke of Parma appointed to lead the Spanish armies in the Netherlands and who was he?

When did Alençon withdraw his forces and the southern Netherlands make peace with Parma?

What policy did Elizabeth use in 1579?

What happened in 1580 which was a huge boost to Phillip?

In 1580, what provocative action did Elizabeth take?

What policy does Elizabeth operate towards Scotland in 1582?

When was the Treaty of Berwick and what was agreed under it?

What were Parma's victories between 1581 and 1584?

How did Mary of Scots fit into this?

Name three things which happened in 1583?

How did Elizabeth respond to de Mendoza's involvement in the Throckmorton plot?

What increased the inevitability of Spanish victory in the Netherlands?

Who else died in 1584?

What was the name of the secret treaty under which Phillip promised the Catholic League his protection and support?

What did the Crown and Privy Council try and do as clashes with Spain intensified?

Did Elizabeth support Drake? Why was this significant? When did Drake circumnavigate the globe?

What other actions showed Elizabeth's growing awareness that war with Spain was inevitable?

What was a key turning point in which Elizabeth shifted fro underhand aid to the Dutch and unofficial Caribbean piracy to more decisive action against Spain?

In what way did Spain have a monopoly on colonialism?

How did England conduct trade with West Africa?

When did Hawkins conduct his voyages and what did he trade?

When did Drake conduct his expedition to Panama and how much did he net of Spanish silver?

During his voyage in 1577, what did Drake capture? Who did he sign a trade treaty with?

Who obtained and in what year, a royal patent to establish a colony on Roanoke Island off the coast of North Carolina?

What was the approximate cost of war in the Netherlands (1585-98), in France in support of Henry of Navarre (1589-93), to crush Tyrone's Rebellion in Ireland (1599-1603) and the Armada (1588)

What did Drake do in April 1587?

When did Phillip start to plan the invasion of England?

What was Phillip's problem?

Having been slowed by Drake's pre-emptive raid, when were the Armada ready and who commanded it?

When did the battle of the Armada begin and end?

After attacking Cadiz in 1587, what did Drake do?

What did Elizabeth make profit from in 1592?

When did Drake and Hawkins launch a joint attack on the West Indies treasure fleet? What subsequently happened?

When was the French King, Henry III murdered and who ascended to the French throne?

When did Elizabeth send a force to Brittany under Sir John Norris?

When did the Spanish try and capture the city of Brest in France? What did Elizabeth do in response?

When did Henry and Phillip agree to peace?

In February 1589, what did Elizabeth order Drake and Norris to do?

What actually happened?

What was the original reason Willoughby's expedition to France in 1589 but why did it go wrong?