Gene Mutations

What is a mutation (of genes)?

What are the 3 types of gene mutations?

What is a substitution mutation?

What is a deletion mutation?

What is an insertion mutation?

What is a frameshift mutation?

Complete the sentence:
The earlier the frameshift appears in the base sequence, the _______ amino acids are affected and the ___________ the mutation's effect on the __________.

What are the 3 types of effect a mutation can have on an organism?

Some mutations can have a neutral effect on a protein's function. Why might they have a neutral effect?

What happens to mutations that are beneficial to the organism?

Complete the sentences:
Mutations can affect whether or not a protein is produced. E.g. if a mutation occurs at the _______ of a gene, so that RNA polymerase can't bind to it and begin ____________, the protein coded for by the gene won't be made. The loss of production of a __________ can have harmful effects - some __________ disorders are caused by this.