Head pathologies pt 2 :)

1

Which of these tumors can metastasize to the CNS?

1

Which of these is not a common CNS tumor in children?

1

Meninngioma is more common in women

1

Primary Brain Trauma
crashes
Falls
wounds

Secondary Brain Trauma
Brain

Meningitis

1

Which of these are potential complications of meningitis?

1

What are the contraindications to lumbar puncture?

1

What is of clinical relevance regarding meningitis?

1

Treat all suspected meningitis with:
IM in community
IV / cefotaxime

If meningococcal meningitis, close contacts give prophylaxis

1

If it's a meningitis medical emergency, treatment order:

1

Alzheimer's disease is inevitable in Down's syndrome

1

What is not a type of dementia?

1

In dementia, the patient presents with fluctuating cognitive impairment, detailed visual hallucinations, and later . Histology is characterized by in brainstem and neocortex.

1

dementia is when there is frontal and temporal atrophy without Alzheimer histology.

Symptoms:
and personality change
preservation of memory and orientation

emotional unconcern

1

dementia is due to the cumulative effects of many small strokes, thus sudden onset and stepwise deterioration is characteristic.
Look for evidence of pathology.

Management: Manage disease risk factors with changes +

1

is the acquired deficits of cognition, visual spatial skill, memory and verbal abilities.
Histology: characterised by neuritic and tangles (distinguishes from other dementias). Results in progressive neuronal damage and loss of .

1

Alzheimer's disease

Management: approach
Medication: 1st line:
(an inhibitor)

1

What is not a major component of idiopathic parkinson's disease?

1

Idiopathic parkinson's disease is due to the destruction of neurones in the where is produced.

Management: -

1

The afferent light reflex is due to the occulomotor nerve (CN3)

1

is when the sympathetic nervous system to the eye is compromised.

1

What can cause Horner's syndrome?

1

Presentation of Horner's Syndrome:

Classic triad:
Unilateral (constricted pupil)
Unilateral (eyelid drooping)
Unilateral apparent (sunken eye)

and Unilateral (inability to sweat)

1

palsy presents as down and out pupil with a drooping eyelid.

1

Majority of the extrinsic eye muscles is controlled by the oculomotor nerve.

1

palsy presents as difficulty looking down in an adducted position.

1

Trochlear nerve is very susceptible to trauma.

1

palsy presents as difficulty with abduction of eyes.

1

Abducens nerve is rarely injured but trauma can cause compression of it.

1

- is a persistent nerve pain that occurs at the site of a previous attack of shingles. It is difficult to treat but can be managed via neuropathic pain agents such as or gabapentin.

1

Ramsey Hunt Syndrome includes facial nerve palsy and hearing may be affected as a result.

1

What are unilateral causes for facial nerve palsy?

1

Vestibulocochlear nerve palsy causes hearing loss.

is the sensation of the room spinning

1

nerve damage can lead to ipsilateral diminished taste sensation

1

nerve is a branch of the vagus nerve which supplies muscles of .
It is commonly injured in surgeries, which can lead to a voice

1

Damage to the vagus nerve can manifest as failure to raise soft palate with deviation to the opposite side

1

Damage to the accessory nerve will manifest as weakness in the head to side of lesion and the weakness in shoulders.

1

Hypoglossal nerve:

A unilateral lesion causes:
tongue weakness and
tongue in the of nerve lesion

1

What are the bulbar nerves, which all arise in the medulla and as a result, are commonly injured together.

1

Bulbar nerves all have similar pathologie that leads to dysphagia and dysarthria.

1

palsy: bilateral UMN lesion:
Spastic tongue (not wasted) no fasciculations
jaw jerk
liability
Traumatic brain injury or

palsy: bilateral LMN lesion:
Wasting of tongue with fasciculations
jaw jerk

1

What is not a trigger for trigeminal neuralgia?

1

ften caused by at angle

Trigeminal neuralgia presents as severe (paroxysms of knife-like or electric shock). These pain spasms last for with multiple episodes before a remission for or even years before reoccurrence

Treatment: , surgical , or

Content credits to Dayo (PUNS) and Will Adams (MegaTeach)

Head pathologies pt 2 :)

Which of these tumors can metastasize to the CNS?

Which of these is not a common CNS tumor in children?

Meninngioma is more common in women

Primary Brain Trauma crashes Falls wounds Secondary Brain Trauma Brain Meningitis

Which of these are potential complications of meningitis?

What are the contraindications to lumbar puncture?

What is of clinical relevance regarding meningitis?

Treat all suspected meningitis with: IM in community IV / cefotaxime If meningococcal meningitis, close contacts give prophylaxis

If it's a meningitis medical emergency, treatment order:

Alzheimer's disease is inevitable in Down's syndrome

What is not a type of dementia?

In dementia, the patient presents with fluctuating cognitive impairment, detailed visual hallucinations, and later . Histology is characterized by in brainstem and neocortex.

dementia is when there is frontal and temporal atrophy without Alzheimer histology. Symptoms: and personality change preservation of memory and orientation emotional unconcern

dementia is due to the cumulative effects of many small strokes, thus sudden onset and stepwise deterioration is characteristic. Look for evidence of pathology. Management: Manage disease risk factors with changes +

is the acquired deficits of cognition, visual spatial skill, memory and verbal abilities. Histology: characterised by neuritic and tangles (distinguishes from other dementias). Results in progressive neuronal damage and loss of .

Alzheimer's disease Management: approach Medication: 1st line: (an inhibitor)

What is not a major component of idiopathic parkinson's disease?

Idiopathic parkinson's disease is due to the destruction of neurones in the where is produced. Management: -

The afferent light reflex is due to the occulomotor nerve (CN3)

Primary Brain Trauma
crashes
Falls
wounds

Secondary Brain Trauma
Brain

Meningitis

Treat all suspected meningitis with:
IM in community
IV / cefotaxime

If meningococcal meningitis, close contacts give prophylaxis

dementia is when there is frontal and temporal atrophy without Alzheimer histology.

Symptoms:
and personality change
preservation of memory and orientation

emotional unconcern

dementia is due to the cumulative effects of many small strokes, thus sudden onset and stepwise deterioration is characteristic.
Look for evidence of pathology.

Management: Manage disease risk factors with changes +

is the acquired deficits of cognition, visual spatial skill, memory and verbal abilities.
Histology: characterised by neuritic and tangles (distinguishes from other dementias). Results in progressive neuronal damage and loss of .

Alzheimer's disease

Management: approach
Medication: 1st line:
(an inhibitor)

Idiopathic parkinson's disease is due to the destruction of neurones in the where is produced.

Management: -

Presentation of Horner's Syndrome:

Classic triad:
Unilateral (constricted pupil)
Unilateral (eyelid drooping)
Unilateral apparent (sunken eye)

and Unilateral (inability to sweat)

Vestibulocochlear nerve palsy causes hearing loss.

is the sensation of the room spinning

nerve is a branch of the vagus nerve which supplies muscles of .
It is commonly injured in surgeries, which can lead to a voice

Hypoglossal nerve:

A unilateral lesion causes:
tongue weakness and
tongue in the of nerve lesion