Flow rate is how much ❌ you are ❌ per unit of ❌
GFR is the amount of ❌ going into ❌ per unit of ❌
what is normal glomerular flow rate?
100-130ml/min
500-600ml/min
200-300ml/min
Filtered load is the same as
tubular load
GFR
Plasma concentration of a solute
electrolytes
❌ / tubular load is the ❌ (❌) entering ❌.
Filtered Load can be calculated from ❌ and ❌
Inulin is....
freely filtered
not metabolised
not reabsorbed
not secreted
Inulin The excretion rate = ...
excretion rate
filtration rate
absorption rate
consumption rate
PAH is ...
freely secreted
What does clearance less than 125ml/min indicate?
reabsorption
secretion
What does clearance more than 125ml/min indicate?
absorption
What can be used to experimentally measure GFR?
Inulin
glucose
PAH
calcium
What is elevated Pcr an indicator of?
reduced GFR
increased GFR
non changing GFR
Threshold is....
appearance of solute in urine before you reach the overall Transport maximum of the kidney
the plasma concentration at which a substance begins to appear in the urine
the tiny amount of solute appearing in urine when a single nephron reaches its maximum
the total transport maximum through out all of the nephrons in the kidney
what is transport maximum?
The point at which an amount of solute appears in urine when nephrons reaches its maximum
appearance of solute in urine before you reach the overall threshold of the kidney
The maximum rate of the solute shuttling done by transporters
How can renal function be measured?
imaging techniques
renal clearance
The ❌ clearance value of a certain substance is the ❌ which is ❌ by the kidney into urine ❌.
What do we need to know to measure renal clearance?
volume of urine / min
concentration of the substance mg/ml urine
concentration of the substance mg/ml plasma
concentration of the substance mg/ml blood
volume of substrate / min
What properties does a substance used in a plasma clearance test have?
does not enter RBCs
does not affect normal renal function
should not be metabolized by the kidney
should be easily measured in plasma & urine
should be non toxic
should be easy to consume
What do we use renal clearance for?
measurement of GFR
measurement of the renal plasma flow rate
determining the renal handling of the different substances; whether or not the substance is reabsorbed or secreted by the renal tubules
What is the rate-limiting step in the tubular transport of glucose?
Na-glucose symport
glucose uniporter
glucose reabsorption
ca- glucose symport
The plasma leaving the kidney through the renal veins lacks .....
the substances that are eliminated in the urine
proteins
plasma
the substances that are not eliminated in the urine
What is creatinine?
the end product of creatine metabolism
the end product of creatinine metabolism
a phospholipid
dumped into the blood by smooth muscle
Creatinine is continuously dumped into the blood by....
smooth muscle
skeletal muscle
cardiac muscle
the rate of creatinine appearance in blood is proportional to a person's ....
muscle mass
fat mass
urine excretion
blood
Creatinine is....
reabsorbed
not freely filtered
how much creatinine is secreted by the proximal tubule?
10-20%
40-50%
70-80%
85-100%
There is a ______________ between plasma creatinine concentration and GFR.
inverse correlation
indirect correlation
direct relationship
direct correlation
What is the most common method used for routine GFR assessments?
creatinine clearance
inulin clearance
PAH clearance
Plasma clearance
If there are more solutes present than can be transported, the solutes will end up...
In urine
Reabsorbed
In the blood stream
Excreted in faeces
Renal clearance is comparison of ❌ rate of a substance to the rate of it's appearance in the ❌ i.e. Amount ❌ vs amount ❌. It gives info on ❌ and ❌
What percentage of clearance?
Renal clearance principle is based on the principle of ❌ ❌. Input of X is ❌ output of X
fill in the formula
Tm for PAH secretory mechanism ~80mg/ml. PPAH ❌ 80mg/ml = good estimation of RPF PPAH ❌ 80mg/ml = poor estimation of RPF At ❌ ❌: ❌ clearance ❌ RPF
Clearance units are ❌ per ❌
Clearance is not the amount of the ❌ but instead the volume of ❌.
PAH is an abbreviation of ...
para-aminohippurate
pilo-acidic-hormone
pregacilohinutrate
primary acid hilute
Por favor espera - en proceso…