What is SLI?
Specific Language Impairment
Speech Language Interruption
Slow Language Involvement
Specific language impairment is characterized by difficulty with language that is not caused by neurological, sensory, intellectual, or emotional deficit.
Children with SLI often only show deficits in one domain of language.
What is true about specific language impairment?
Approzimately 7.4% of 5-year-olds are affected.
There is a 25% chance that another family member also has SLI if a child is diagnosed
The majority of children diagnosed will continue with low language performance into adulthood
There may be long-term impact on social, emotional, vocational, and academic outcomes.
SLI is purely a language disorder.
SLI is universally recognized as a neurobiologically based disorder.
Structural findings: One neuropathological study showed atypical symmetry atypical asymmetry asymmetry( atypical symmetry, atypical asymmetry, asymmetry ) of the planum temporale, and a dysplastic gyrus on the inferior surface of the left frontal cortex right frontal cotex prefrontal cortex( left frontal cortex, right frontal cotex, prefrontal cortex ) along the ingerior surgace of the sylvian fissure.
Structural MRI scan study: Children with SLI showed atypical expected( atypical, expected ) patterns of asymmetry symmetry( asymmetry, symmetry ) in the perisylvian area.
Study results: children with SLI were more likely to have rightward asymmetry of posterior language structures.
fMRI results: children with SLI displayed a lack of left right( left, right ) lateralization in all core language regions, but not for the rest of the brain
fMRI results: Children with SLI showed activation of area
fMRI: the SLI group performed more poorly better( more poorly, better ) than the normal language group fro both encoding and recognition
fMRI: subjects with SLI had slower reaction times than the control group.
fMRI: the SLI group showed reduced increased( reduced, increased ) activation during word recognition in regions associated with language higher order( language, higher order ) processing.
Adolescents with SLI exhibited coordination among brain regions, suggesting that adolescents with SLI may rely on a less network for processing.
When tested after 6 months 3 months 12 months 18 months( 6 months, 3 months, 12 months, 18 months ) of treatment, children with SLI showed markedly improved markedly decreased unremarkable( markedly improved, markedly decreased, unremarkable ) speech processing times when compared with pre-treatment processing times.
What are functional differences in SLI?
reduced activation in Broca's area, auditory areas, and sensory motor areas
Atypical/reduced functional connectivity
Slower/immature speech processing
Structural difference in SLI: Consistent see less left hemisphere dominance, specifically in the planum temporale and pars triangularis
