Neuroscience Exam #2 - Anxiety

Pregunta 1 de 85

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Anxiety disorders facts:

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Highest prevalence of any mental health disorder
More prevalent in women
<45 years old
Divorced, separated
Adolescents

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 85

1

Age of onset for anxiety disorders is

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Early adulthood
Adulthood
Elderly
Childhood or early adolescene

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 85

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Which of the following is NOT a medical rule out for anxiety

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Endocrine disorders
Neoplastic disorders
Hepatic disorders
Lyme disease
Hypersensitivity reactions
Autoimmune disorders
Pulmonary disorders
Cardiovascular disorders
Neurological disorders

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 85

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Selecciona la opción correcta de los menús desplegables para completar el texto.

DSM Anxiety Disorders include ( anxiety, bipolar ) disorders, ( obsessivecompulsive, mood ) disorders and ( trauma or stressor related, personality disorders ) disorders

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 85

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Selecciona la opción correcta de los menús desplegables para completar el texto.

Eustress vs. Distress: remember stress isn't always negative
( Eustress:, Distress: ) Motivating, short-term, exciting
( Eustress:, Distress: ) Short- or long-term, perceived as beyond coping ability, unpleasant

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 85

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“Anxiety and fear are cousins but not twins. ❌ sees a threat. ❌ imagines one.” – Max Lucado

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

Fear

Anxiety

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 85

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Neuroanatomy of anxiety. Which parts of the brain are involved.
❌ ❌ ❌ ❌

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

Prefrontal cortex

ventral tegmental area

orbitofrontal cortex

mammillary bodies

ventromedial prefrontal cortex

limbic system

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 85

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In neuroanatomy of anxiety, what is the function of the prefrontal cortex

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Executive functioning, planning, decision making
Predicting consequences
Understanding social behavior
Control impuses and regulates mood

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 85

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Rellena el espacio en blanco para completar el texto.

In the neuroanatomy of anxiety, the cortex controls impulses, regulates mood, and drives moral judgment

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 85

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Which is not a feature of the limbic system

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Structures between the cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem
Not a discrete “system” but rather a collection of anatomically-related structures with varying functions
Center for emotional responsiveness, motivation, memory, olfaction, safety
Phylogenetically ancient, paleomammalian brain
Controls moral judgement and controls impulses

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 85

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Rellena el espacio en blanco para completar el texto.

cortex is in charge of reward processing – think and visceral response to emotions

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 85

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❌ -Spatial navigation. Memory formation/storage
❌ – Processes emotional stimuli. Receives information about physical needs. Initiates behavioral response
❌ – Receives unprocessed sensory input. Connects endocrine system to nervous system via pituitary gland
❌ – sensory processing. Hub of information transfer. Directs sensory input for processing

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

Hippocampus

Amygdala

Hypothalamus

Thalamus

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 85

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Rellena el espacio en blanco para completar el texto.

The :
Shifts short-term memory to long-term memory
Encodes our memory with emotions by interacting with amygdala
Interacts with amygdala to encode emotional memories
Active in imaging studies during fearful situations

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 85

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Neuroanatomy of the hippocampus in anxiety

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Seahorse-shaped structure in medial temporal lobe
Receives input from neurotransmitter systems and sends output to the rest of the brain
Memory formation and storage
Related to stress sensitivity and resiliency
Structures between the cerebral hemisphere and the brainstem

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 85

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Selecciona la opción correcta de los menús desplegables para completar el texto.

The hippocampus is related to stress sensitivity and resiliency. A ( large, small ) hippocampus is protective agains anxiety disorders. A ( large, small ) hippcampus has increased risk of PTSD in the context of trauma

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 85

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The amygdala has three groups, a medial group, a basal-lateral group, and a central group. Which group has connections with the hypothalamus and the brain stem, cues the endocrine system response, and influences expression of emotion, and triggers the autonomic nervous system?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Medial
Basal-lateral
Central group

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 85

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Neuroendocrine pathways for the HPA (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal) axis. Let's review as this is probably an exam question:
Activated by ❌
Hypothalamus releases ❌
CRF binds to receptors on ❌
❌ is released
ACTH binds to receptors on ❌
❌ are released!

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)

anterior pituitary gland

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

adrenal cortex

Cortisol and adrenaline

stress

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 85

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Function of the HPA axis is SAFETY & PROTECTION

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 85

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Cortisol

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Released for several hours after exposure to stressor
Increases glucose in the bloodstream and enhances the brain’s use of glucose
Suppresses nonessential functions such as digestion, reproduction, and growth processes
At sufficient concentrations, cortisol exerts negative feedback to hypothalamus and homeostasis returns
Lasts for only minutes after exposure to stressor
Decreases glucose in the bloodstream

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 85

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Adrenaline Increases ❌ rate, ❌ pressure, respiratory ❌ and ❌ metabolism

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

heart

blood

rate,

carbohydrate

Explicación

Pregunta 21 de 85

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Chronic/prolonged stress = repeated/sustained HPA axis activation

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 22 de 85

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❌: γ-amino-butyric-acid (GABA)
❌ Glutamate
❌
Serotonin
Norepinephrine
Dopamine

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

Calming NT

Excitatory NT:

Monoaminergic neurotransmitters

Explicación

Pregunta 23 de 85

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Rellena el espacio en blanco para completar el texto.

Excessive activity causes anxiety, agitation, and seizures

Explicación

Pregunta 24 de 85

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Rellena el espacio en blanco para completar el texto.

Benzodiazepines increase activity at amygdala and PFC

Explicación

Pregunta 25 de 85

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Selecciona la opción correcta de los menús desplegables para completar el texto.

( GABA, Glutamate ) Principal inhibitory neurotransmitter
( GABA, Glutamate ) Principal excitatory neurotransmitter
( GABA, Glutamate ) Decreases neurons’ electrical excitability
( Glutamate, GABA ) Increases neurons’ electrical excitability
( Glutamate, GABA ) Necessary for attention/coordination
( GABA, Glutamate ) Calm, relaxation, sleep

Explicación

Pregunta 26 de 85

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Selecciona la opción correcta del menú desplegable para completar el texto.

Enhancing 5-HT input to the amygdala can ( reduce, increase ) anxiety/fear

Explicación

Pregunta 27 de 85

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Serotonin

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Primarily found in GI tract, blood platelets, and CNS
Involved in regulation of mood, appetite, sleep, memory, learning
Inhibitory effect on some amygdalar outputs
Excitatory effect on some aygdalar outputs
Primarily found in the brain

Explicación

Pregunta 28 de 85

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Norepinephrine

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Mobilizes the brain and body for action
Lowest during sleep, rises during wakefulness
NE output from locus coeruleus enhances memory, attention, arousal
Peaks during fight-or-flight: Increases heart rate/BP, release of glucose from energy stores, inhibits GI motility
NE output from ventral tegmental area enhances memory, attention, arousal

Explicación

Pregunta 29 de 85

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Dopamine

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Significant in reward-motivated behavior
Pleasurable experiences cause dopamine release: sex, food/appetite, addictive substances
Involved in some motor control, GI motility, insulin production, and hormone regulation

Explicación

Pregunta 30 de 85

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Catecholamine-O-methyltransferase (COMT) met genetic allele:

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Enzyme which degrades dopamine and norepinephrine
COMT genotypes implicated in expression of anxiety and depression
Enzyme degraded serotonin and dompamine

Explicación

Pregunta 31 de 85

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Selecciona la opción correcta de los menús desplegables para completar el texto.

Met genotype: ( Lower, Higher ) COMT activity = ( higher, lower ) NT levels = ( excessive, decreased ) NT release under stress = WORRIER
Val genotype: ( Higher, Lower ) COMT activity = ( lower, higher ) NT levels = ( decreased, excessive ) NT release under stress = WARRIOR

Explicación

Pregunta 32 de 85

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Which gene regulates the HPA axis and monoaminergic signaling

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

5-HTTLPR: Serotonin transporter
Catecholamine-O-methyltransferase (COMT)
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductas

Explicación

Pregunta 33 de 85

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Selecciona la opción correcta del menú desplegable para completar el texto.

The ( short (S), long (L) ) allele of 5-HTTLPR: Serotonin transporter puts a patient as risk for anxiety

Explicación

Pregunta 34 de 85

1

What environmental factors play a part in increasing anxiety?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Physical/sexual trauma
Substance abuse
Chronic chaos/neglect
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE)
VUSN PMHNP program
News that the world is facing a tequila shortage

Explicación

Pregunta 35 de 85

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Substance-Induced Anxiety Disorders can be caused by the following drugs except

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Sympathomimetics (pseudophedrine)
Stimulants (Methylphenidate, Amphetamines)
Benzodiazepines
System and anabolic steroids
Drugs of abuse (cocaine, amphetamaines, hallucinogens, substance withdrawal)
Atypical antipsychotics

Explicación

Pregunta 36 de 85

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Panic disorder usually starts before the age of 24 and usually has lots of comorbidities as patients try to self-medicate

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 37 de 85

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DSM-5 Criteria for Panic Disorder include recurrent UNEXPECTED panic attacks, followed by 1 month of:

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Persistent concern
Worry about implications or consequences of panic attacks
Maladaptive changes in behavior
Walks on the beach doing yoga

Explicación

Pregunta 38 de 85

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Agoraphobia is fear of situations with

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Large wide open spaces
Too many people or large crowds
Escape is difficult or embarrassing

Explicación

Pregunta 39 de 85

1

Neuroanatomy of panic disorder includes:
❌ glucose uptake in amygdala, hippocampus, and thalamus
❌ frontal lobe activity

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

Elevated

Decreased

Explicación

Pregunta 40 de 85

1

Selecciona la opción correcta de los menús desplegables para completar el texto.

Neurotransmitter pathways in panic disorder:
( Decreased, Increased ) GABA concentrations, elevated glutamatergic signaling
( Decreased, Increased ) serotonin receptor binding, increased norepinephrine concentration

Explicación

Pregunta 41 de 85

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Panic disorder is the most heritable of all anxiety disorders with first-degree relatives of patient with panic DO means that patient has 7X increased risk

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 42 de 85

1

Neuroendocrine pathways in panic disorder include:
(on exam study guide)

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Elevated baseline cortisol = anticipatory anxiety
Hypersensitive to situations that trigger HPA axis activation
Decreased baseline cortisol = anticipatory anxiety
Hyposensitive to situations that trigger HPA axis activation

Explicación

Pregunta 43 de 85

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Specific phobia (like clowns) is the most common anxiety disorder, women twice as likely to suffer as men, and typical age of onset is childhood to adolescence

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 44 de 85

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Specific phobia is a persistent fear of clearly discernible objects or situations that provoke immediate anxiety and cause social or occupational impairement

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 45 de 85

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Specific Phobia
Neuroanatomy: activation of ❌, decreased ❌

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

amygdala

prefrontal cortex response

Explicación

Pregunta 46 de 85

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Social anxiety disorder is twice as likely in women as men, onset is childhood or adolescence and is often seen with MDD or substance abuse disorders

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 47 de 85

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DSM 5 criteria for social anxiety disorder is a persistent fear of situations in which exposure to unfamiliar people o scrutiny is possible. Fear that actions will expose anxiety or possible humiliation or embarrassment.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 48 de 85

1

Selecciona la opción correcta de los menús desplegables para completar el texto.

Neuroanatomy of Social Anxiety Disorder:
( Hyperactive, Hypoactive ) prefrontal cortex - misinterpreting social cues
( Hyperreactive, Hypoactive ) amygdala - receives sensory information before analysis and signals the sympathetic nervous system

Explicación

Pregunta 49 de 85

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Rellena el espacio en blanco para completar el texto.

Genetics of social anxiety disorder involve Serotonin transporter (5-HTT) which governs reuptake of serotonin into the neuron. The allele is involved in increased risk of anxiety and depression in context of stressful environment, Increased startle response and a stronger amygdala activation in response to angry faces

Explicación

Pregunta 50 de 85

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Generalized anxiety disorder has the youngest age of onset for an anxiety disorder

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 51 de 85

1

Selecciona la opción correcta del menú desplegable para completar el texto.

Excessive worries/anxiety for at least ( 6 months, 3 months )s. Worry about a number of events, situations, activities. Difficulty controlling the worry.

Three or more of the following:
Restless/on edge
Easily fatigued
Difficulty concentrating
Irritability
Muscle tension
Sleep disturbance

Explicación

Pregunta 52 de 85

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Neuroendocrine pathways of generalized anxiety disorder include all the following EXCEPT:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Perception of sustained threat
Chronic activation of HPA axis
Acute activation of HPA axis
More physiologically dysregulated state at baseline
Exaggerated physiological reactivity to fearful stimuli

Explicación

Pregunta 53 de 85

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Rellena el espacio en blanco para completar el texto.

5-HTTLPR -allele carriers are highly sensitive to environmental threats. Hypervigilance

Explicación

Pregunta 54 de 85

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The following are all forms of obsessive-compulsive disorders:

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Body dysmorphic disorder - fixated on a part of their body they hate
Trichotillomania – hair pulling compulsion and anxiety. A lot with trauma
Hoarding Disorder – afraid that they might need something
Cookiewinemania - an unnatural obsession with wanting cookies and wine

Explicación

Pregunta 55 de 85

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Tourette's Syndrome is a frequent comorbidity of obsessive compulsive disorder

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 56 de 85

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The following are all true about OCD DSM-5 criteria

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Recurrent obsessive thoughts - Persistent ideas, thoughts, images, impulses that are perceived as intrusive and distressing
Compulsive behaviors - Repetitive behaviors or mental acts that are meant to reduce stress NOT bring pleasure
Time-consuming, cause impairment

Explicación

Pregunta 57 de 85

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OCD is real anatomical issue

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 58 de 85

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Rellena el espacio en blanco para completar el texto.

In obsessive compulsive disorder there is cortex overactivity but smaller volume which leads to context-related processing and response inhibition

Explicación

Pregunta 59 de 85

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In obsessive compulsive disorder there is abnormal activity in ❌ feedback loop. These circuits use “direct” (excitatory) or “indirect” (inhibitory) routes from cortex through ❌ to ❌

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical (CSTC)

basal ganglia

thalamus.

Explicación

Pregunta 60 de 85

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CSTC or "worry" loop is involved in obsessive compulsive disorder. It includes the ❌ which nuclei grouped together based on interconnected roles in movement and cognition. It includes Includes ❌, putamen, caudate nucleus. Specifically the striatum Includes ❌ and caudate nucleus.

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

basal ganglia

globus pallidus

putamen

Explicación

Pregunta 61 de 85

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In obsessive compulsive disorder, the CSTC loop receives input to ❌ from ❌ and ❌

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

basal ganglia

cortex

thalamus

Explicación

Pregunta 62 de 85

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In obsessive compulsive disorder, the CSTC or "worry" loop has two pathways. The "direct" basal ganglia and the "indirect' basal ganglia pathway that are antagonistic to each other

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 63 de 85

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“Direct” basal ganglia pathway:
Direct projections from ❌ to ❌
Increases ❌ thalamic input to the cortex
Turns ❌ motor activity

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

striatum

globus pallidus

excitatory

inhibitory

up

down

Explicación

Pregunta 64 de 85

1

Selecciona la opción correcta de los menús desplegables para completar el texto.

The ( "direct", "indirect" ) basal ganglia pathway is involved in the activation of tics, compulsions, and obsessions. It is ( overactive, underactive ) in OCD.

Explicación

Pregunta 65 de 85

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“Indirect” basal ganglia pathway has ❌ projections from ❌ to ❌
❌ effect on ❌ and frontal cortex

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

Indirect

striatum

globus pallidus

Inhibitory

excitatory

thalamus

hippocampus

Explicación

Pregunta 66 de 85

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"Direct" basal ganglia pathway is the "gas" and the "indirect" basal ganglia is the brake when it comes to motor activity

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 67 de 85

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OCD occurs when delicate balance between inhibition and excitation of basal ganglia pathway is disrupted

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 68 de 85

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Neuroanatomy of OCD involves Increased activity in CSTC circuit running from ❌ to ❌ to ❌ to ❌ and back to ❌

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

frontal cortex

striatum

globus pallidus

thalamus

cortex

Explicación

Pregunta 69 de 85

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Rellena el espacio en blanco para completar el texto.

In OCD, there is increased Increased activity in prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, and

Explicación

Pregunta 70 de 85

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What is the treatment for OCD

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Surgical intervention where the CSTC loop is cut off via a cingulotomy. This disrupts the transmission from the frontal cortex
Very aggressive and high doses of SSRI
Talking common sense into the patient and telling the patient that the fears aren't real

Explicación

Pregunta 71 de 85

1

Selecciona la opción correcta de los menús desplegables para completar el texto.

Serotonin, dopamine and glutamate are involved in OCD. There are ( reduced, increased ) serotonin transporters in midbrain. There is ( increased, decreased ) dopamine. There is ( increased, decreased ) glutamate.

Explicación

Pregunta 72 de 85

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Considering what we know about 5HT, DA, and Glu in OCD, which drugs are most effective

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

5HT drugs
DA antagonists
Antipsychotics
Stimulants

Explicación

Pregunta 73 de 85

1

A patient with OCD will be in a hyperglutamatergic state in prefrontal regions and have
elevated glutamate in cerebrospinal fluid

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 74 de 85

1

Selecciona la opción correcta del menú desplegable para completar el texto.

An ( earlier, later ) onset of OCD is indicative of a higher risk of heritability

Explicación

Pregunta 75 de 85

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Of the following comorbidities with seen OCD, which has the highest incidence of PTSD

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

TBI
Substance abuse disorders
Depression and anxiety disorders

Explicación

Pregunta 76 de 85

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DSM 5 criteria for PTSD involve exposure to ❌, ❌ ❌, ❌, and ❌

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

trauma

re-experiencing,

avoidance

negative alterations in mood/cognition

increased arousal.

Explicación

Pregunta 77 de 85

1

Selecciona la opción correcta de los menús desplegables para completar el texto.

The neuroanatomy of the PTSD involves:
( Reduced, Increased ) volume of hippocampus and frontal cortex
Amygdala ( hyperresponsiveness, hyporesponsiveness )
( Decreased, Increasedp ) activity in PFC

Explicación

Pregunta 78 de 85

1

The following NT are involved in PTSD EXCEPT:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Serotonin
Glutamate

Explicación

Pregunta 79 de 85

1

Which drug exhibits inhibitory effects on glutamate transmission and thus is good for PTSD

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Topiramate
Aripiprazole
Venlafaxine

Explicación

Pregunta 80 de 85

1

Glutamate

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Role in hippocampal-related learning and amygdala- related emotional processing
Processing distortion related to inappropriate glutamate signaling
Elevated glucose uptake in amygdala, hippocampus, and thalamus

Explicación

Pregunta 81 de 85

1

What medication should you not give to PTSD because of the unremitting elevation in NE in the CSF of patients with PTSD?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Bupropion
Citalopram
Venlafaxine
Fluoxetine

Explicación

Pregunta 82 de 85

1

Selecciona la opción correcta de los menús desplegables para completar el texto.

In PTSD, patients have a ( decreased, increased ) cortisol concentrations and a/n ( flattened, elevated ) cortisol slope

Explicación

Pregunta 83 de 85

1

Treatment for anxiety disorders include:

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

SSRI
NDRI
BZ
Anticonvulsants
Antipsychotics
CBT
Mindfulness based stress reduction
EMDR

Explicación

Pregunta 84 de 85

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MOA of BZ in anxiety involves BZ ❌ the efficiency of GABA to ❌ the excitability of neurons. BZ bind to the y sub-unit of the ❌ receptor. Binding causes a structural modification of the receptor that results in an increasein GABA-A activity. The result is an ❌ in the frequency of the ❌ channel (making the cell more negative) and ❌ the action potential.

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

increasing

decrease

GABA-A

increase

Cl-

inhibiting

Explicación

Pregunta 85 de 85

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Chronic/prolonged stress = repeated/sustained HPA axis activation which causes:
❌ Chronic muscle tension, tension headaches, migraines
❌ Exacerbation of existing conditions (asthma, emphysema, etc.)
❌ Increased risk of heart attack, hypertension, stroke
❌ Increased risk of diabetes in vulnerable populations
❌ Acid reflux, ulcers, diarrhea, constipation, nausea/vomiting
Reproductive:
❌ Impaired testosterone production and sperm maturation, impotence
❌ Irregular menstrual cycles, impaired sexual desire

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

Musculoskeletal:

Respiratory:

Cardiovascular:

Endocrine:

Gastrointestinal:

Male:

Female:

	Creado por Melanie Grynsztejn hace más de 6 años

Test sobre Neuroscience Exam #2 - Anxiety, creado por Melanie Grynsztejn el 27/03/2018.

Neuroscience Exam #2 - Anxiety

Neuroscience Exam #2 - Anxiety

Pregunta 1 de 85

Anxiety disorders facts:

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 85

Age of onset for anxiety disorders is

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 85

Which of the following is NOT a medical rule out for anxiety

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 85

Selecciona la opción correcta de los menús desplegables para completar el texto.

DSM Anxiety Disorders include anxiety bipolar( anxiety, bipolar ) disorders, obsessivecompulsive mood( obsessivecompulsive, mood ) disorders and trauma or stressor related personality disorders( trauma or stressor related, personality disorders ) disorders

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 85

Selecciona la opción correcta de los menús desplegables para completar el texto.

Eustress vs. Distress: remember stress isn't always negative Eustress: Distress:( Eustress:, Distress: ) Motivating, short-term, exciting Eustress: Distress:( Eustress:, Distress: ) Short- or long-term, perceived as beyond coping ability, unpleasant

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 85

“Anxiety and fear are cousins but not twins. ❌ sees a threat. ❌ imagines one.” – Max Lucado

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 85

Neuroanatomy of anxiety. Which parts of the brain are involved. ❌ ❌ ❌ ❌

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 85

In neuroanatomy of anxiety, what is the function of the prefrontal cortex

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 85

Rellena el espacio en blanco para completar el texto.

In the neuroanatomy of anxiety, the cortex controls impulses, regulates mood, and drives moral judgment

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 85

Which is not a feature of the limbic system

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Pregunta 11 de 85

Rellena el espacio en blanco para completar el texto.

cortex is in charge of reward processing – think and visceral response to emotions

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Pregunta 12 de 85

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

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Pregunta 13 de 85

Rellena el espacio en blanco para completar el texto.

The : Shifts short-term memory to long-term memory Encodes our memory with emotions by interacting with amygdala Interacts with amygdala to encode emotional memories Active in imaging studies during fearful situations

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 85

Neuroanatomy of the hippocampus in anxiety

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Pregunta 15 de 85

Selecciona la opción correcta de los menús desplegables para completar el texto.

The hippocampus is related to stress sensitivity and resiliency. A large small( large, small ) hippocampus is protective agains anxiety disorders. A large small( large, small ) hippcampus has increased risk of PTSD in the context of trauma

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 85

The amygdala has three groups, a medial group, a basal-lateral group, and a central group. Which group has connections with the hypothalamus and the brain stem, cues the endocrine system response, and influences expression of emotion, and triggers the autonomic nervous system?

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Pregunta 17 de 85

Neuroendocrine pathways for the HPA (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal) axis. Let's review as this is probably an exam question: Activated by ❌ Hypothalamus releases ❌ CRF binds to receptors on ❌ ❌ is released ACTH binds to receptors on ❌ ❌ are released!

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Pregunta 18 de 85

Function of the HPA axis is SAFETY & PROTECTION

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Pregunta 19 de 85

Cortisol

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Pregunta 20 de 85

Adrenaline Increases ❌ rate, ❌ pressure, respiratory ❌ and ❌ metabolism

DSM Anxiety Disorders include ( anxiety, bipolar ) disorders, ( obsessivecompulsive, mood ) disorders and ( trauma or stressor related, personality disorders ) disorders

Eustress vs. Distress: remember stress isn't always negative
( Eustress:, Distress: ) Motivating, short-term, exciting
( Eustress:, Distress: ) Short- or long-term, perceived as beyond coping ability, unpleasant

Neuroanatomy of anxiety. Which parts of the brain are involved.
❌ ❌ ❌ ❌

The :
Shifts short-term memory to long-term memory
Encodes our memory with emotions by interacting with amygdala
Interacts with amygdala to encode emotional memories
Active in imaging studies during fearful situations

The hippocampus is related to stress sensitivity and resiliency. A ( large, small ) hippocampus is protective agains anxiety disorders. A ( large, small ) hippcampus has increased risk of PTSD in the context of trauma

Neuroendocrine pathways for the HPA (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal) axis. Let's review as this is probably an exam question:
Activated by ❌
Hypothalamus releases ❌
CRF binds to receptors on ❌
❌ is released
ACTH binds to receptors on ❌
❌ are released!

❌: γ-amino-butyric-acid (GABA)
❌ Glutamate
❌
Serotonin
Norepinephrine
Dopamine

Enhancing 5-HT input to the amygdala can ( reduce, increase ) anxiety/fear

The ( short (S), long (L) ) allele of 5-HTTLPR: Serotonin transporter puts a patient as risk for anxiety