Georgia sees her friend Bill running down the street. Without warning, Bill falls flat on his face. While Georgia finds this funny, she does not laugh because she knows that Bill does not find this funny. In not laughing, Georgia is demonstrating

Mahatma bases all of his moral decisions on a simple rule: "Always follow the rules set by a legitimate authority." Mahatma would best be placed at the _____ level of moral reasoning.

According to Dodge's social information-processing model, an aggressive teenager who is run into when in a school hallway will likely

Empathy refers to

The purpose of _____ is to create anxiety by threatening a loss of reinforcement.

Pedro has just come to realize that while his dad, Carlos, believes that the Mets are the best professional baseball team, his uncle Alex believes just as strongly that the Yankees are the best team. The realization that two people can have different beliefs indicates that Pedro possesses

Bubba is a football linebacker attempting to guess what play the opposing quarterback will call. He thinks to himself, "I know that QB really likes to pass the ball to score because when he does, the newspapers always write articles about him. Thus, I bet he'll pass the ball on the next play." Bubba's thoughts indicate that he possesses

Zola puts her toys away in the toy chest and goes to eat dinner. Her brother, unbeknownst to her, decides to take all of her toys and put them under his bed. As a child who has a theory of mind, when Zola returns after dinner, she will

Studies on perspective-taking indicate that it is not until a child attains formal operational thinking that he or she is able to

Which of the following is true regarding the development of role-taking skills?

Little Debbie, who is two years old, loves cupcakes and hates fruit pie. She has observed that her mother hates cupcakes and loves fruit pies. If Debbie were handed a plate with a piece of pie and a different plate with a cupcake, and was asked to give one to her mother, Debbie would most likely

Highly aggressive youth tend to

Who is experiencing an empathic response?

Which provides the best example of a social perspective-taking skill?

Macy really wants the cool new jacket she has just seen in the store, but she does not have enough money to buy it. For a second, she thinks about stealing the jacket but decides that while stealing is not wrong, she might get punished if she is caught. Macy's moral reasoning appears to be at Kohlberg's _____ level.

Michelle wanted a "Beanie Baby" stuffed animal but didn't have the money to buy one. One day she was in a store at the mall, and when she thought no one was looking, she slipped a Beanie Baby into her bag and left without paying for it. Later, when she was playing with it, she found she wasn't enjoying herself very much, and she felt bad that she had stolen the toy. Taking the Beanie Baby from the store represents the _____ component of morality, while the fact that she felt badly represents the _____ component of morality.

Social cognition is best defined as

_____ morality transcends the perspective of specific groups and attempts to encompass the perspective of all people.

Kohlberg's cognitive developmental theory of moral development claims that

Jessica feels guilty after taking pocket change from her father's dresser drawer. According to Freud, this emotional response best indicates that Jessica

Adults who maintain their social cognitive abilities into old age tend to have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT being

Coercive family environments refer to situations where family members

Kohlberg's approach to moral reasoning was most directly influenced by the work of

Mr. Mitchell's son Dennis is a menace. Dennis is cruel to animals and often shoplifts. In attempting to explain Dennis's morals, Mr. Mitchell says, "I think that his moral habits were learned by watching bad television shows." Mr. Mitchell's comments are best associated with the _____ view concerning moral behavior.

The actual act of stealing a car provides a good example of the _____ component of morality.

Cognitive developmental theorists tend to view moral reasoning as involving

Studies on perspective-taking indicate that it is not until a child attains concrete operational thinking that he or she is able to

Every time his daughter Luci swears (something he does not like), Lou walks away from her (pays her no attention). This strategy provides a good example of the _____ parental approach.

Children as young as _____ have been shown to display visible signs of distress when they violate some standard of behavior.

Who would most likely NOT be held accountable for his or her actions because he or she is incapable of evaluating their behavior as "right" or "wrong"?

According to Piaget, moral reasoning

At what level of moral development are the rules and standards of society internalized and held as one's own?

What important advance in social cognition generally occurs at age 11 or 12?

According to Piaget, the moral reasoning of children ages 6 to 10 emphasizes

An individual who is at Kohlberg's conventional level of moral development is most likely to

In summarizing the best parenting approach for fostering moral growth in children, Hoffman (2000) suggests a "blend of _____."