Which of the following is NOT a formulation of Kant’s Categorical Imperative?
The greatest happiness formulation
The universal law formulation
The formula of humanity
All of the above
None of the above
The role of reason, according to Kant, is
To find the means to happiness
To find the means to pleasure
To serve the passions
To perfect a goodwill
According to Kant, it is not the _ the action, but, rather, the _ the action that determines the rightness or wrongness of an action
Intention behind - happiness produced
Pleasure produced - happiness produced
Consequences of - intention behind
Intention behind - consequences of
According to Singer, eating the meat of non-human animals would be morally justifiable if
Animals would consent to it
Doing so would result in more pleasure and less pain than not doing so
Doing so was in line with the categorical imperative
The moral law, according to Kant, is
The law of reason
The categorical imperative
The law that rational beings freely give to themselves
Because desert is central to Kant’s retributivist justification of punishment, he argues that punishment must always be __ the crime
Harsher than
Indifferent to
Proportional to
According to the first formulation of the categorical imperative (the universal law formulation)
We should try to maximize happiness
We should always treat people as ends in themselves
Never treat people as mere means
Never act on maxims that cannot be accepted by all rat agents
B and c
Which of the following labels is appropriate for Kant’s moral philosophy?
Utilitatian
Teleological
Consequentialist
Empiricist
According to Kant, freedom is
The ability to satisfy one’s desires
The ability to maximize happiness
Just another word for “nothing left to lose”
The ability to act for the sake of the moral law
According to Singer, the principle of equality requires
Treating people as ends in themselves
Never treating people as mere means
Equal treatment for all members of the moral community
Never discounting arbitrarily the interests of any members of the moral community
Kant’s moral theory is
utilitarian
empirical
deontological
consequentialist
Speciesism is
A version of utilitarianism that says we should maximize good for one species
A version of deontology that says only members of one species can act rationally
A version of virtue ethics that says only members of our species can be virtuous
A prejudice or attitude of bias toward the interests of the members of one’s own species
The moral law is different from the law of nature, according to Kant, is that
The moral law only applies to rational beings
The moral law is a law that we feely give to ourselves
The moral law is a law we can freely choose to act on
We determine the intention with which a person acts by specifying __
The maxim for which s/he acted
The consequences of the action
The person's character
Duties whose conditions of application are discretionary are called
Indirect
Indiscrete
Immoral
Imperfect
None of above
According to Kant things can be used as mere means to our ends, but people can't because
People are ineffective means to one’s ends
When people find out they have been used in this way they'll do the same to use
Unlike things, people have dignity
People are not that gullible
An imperfect duty can be derived from Kant’s first formulation of the Categorical Imperative (universal law formation) by showing that
The action in question treats a person as a mere means
The action in question fails to treat people as ends in themselves
The maxim of the action generates a contradiction in conception when we attempt to universalize it
The maxim of the action generates a contradiction in will when we attempt to universalize it
Which of the following descriptions of being motivated to do charity work does NOT reveal that an agent has a goodwill, according to Kant
Being motivated to do charity work for the sake of duty
Being motivated to do charity work out of respect for the moral law
Being motivated to do charity work because of a natural inclination to help people
Being motivated to do charity work from reason alone
A hypothetical imperative is
A dictate of reason
Only binding on us if we have certain ends
Binding on all rational agents regardless of their particular ends
A and b
A and c
A categorical imperative is
All beings with interests are members of the moral community, according to Singer. And, he argues that the basic requirement for having interests is
rationality
sentience
virtue
Being human
Speaking a language
Prohibitions (or restrictions) on acting in certain ways regardless of the consequences (good or bad) are called
Indirect duties
Utilitarian calculations
Imperfect duties
Hypothetical imperatives
Deontological constraints
According to Kant, actions that have moral worth
Maximize happiness
Are motivated by respect for the moral law
Reveal a good will
B and a
Which of the following is NOT a utilitarian justification for the social/legal practice of punishment?
It deters would be criminal from com crime
It gives criminals what they deserve
Provides comfort to victims and their families/friends
It rehabilitates certain criminal
Protects society from dangerous criminals
According to Kant, acting morally is not about aiming at some independently specificable good or goal (eg happ understood as pleaser and the absences of pain) but rather a matter of respecting our duties as rational being. This is another way of saying that Kant’s moral theory is ___ but rather ___.
Empiricist - rationalist
Consequentialist - intentionalist
Teleological - deontological
Utilitarian - virtue ethical
According to Kant, an attempt to universalize the maxim “making a lying promise to get out of financial difficulty” leads to a contradiction in conception
The goodwill, according to Kant, is the only thing good without qualification
Kant agrees with Hume that the only source of motivation is natural inclination
According to Kant, we determine the rightness or wrongness of an action by appealing to empirical evidence (experience)
According to Kant, being free is being able to satisfy all your wants (natural inclinations)
Kant’s second formula of the Categorical Imperative (the formulation of humanity) yields a perfect duty not to perform a given action if performing that action would be to treat people as a mere means
Kant argues that our intentions in acting are irrelevant in determining whether or not our actions are right or wrong
All beings that are sentient have interests and therefore are members of the MC, according to Singer
According to Kant, only rational being are members of the MC
According to Kant, it is never morally acceptable to treat a person as a mere means, even if overall happiness would be increased
Singer argues in favor of the view that it is never justified to perform experiments on animals
According to Kant, respect for the moral law is a kind of natural inclination
According to Kant, non-human animals are members of the MC and we therefore have a direct duty not to mistreat them
The moral law is binding on all rational being regardless of what their particular ends are
Only geniuses can figure out what the moral law requires of us, according to Kant
