Define adduction
moves the bones away from the median plane
moves the bone laterally or medially about a central axis
moves the bones toward the median plane
What are the structural classification of joints?
Synarthroses, Amphiarthroses, Diarthroses
Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial
Define synovial
collagen fibers attach to the bone that are articulating
either hyaline or fibrocartilage attach to the articulating bones
ends of articulating bones are covered with hyaline cartilage, lined with a synovial membrane and enclosed by a fibrous capsule
What are the functional characteristics of joints?
Define supination
moves the bones of the forearm so that the radius ans ulna are not parallel
moves the bones of the forearm so that the radius and ulna are parallel (palm up)
moves the sole of the foot outward at the ankle joint
Define condylar joints. Are they nonaxial, uniaxial, biaxial or multiaxial? Give an example.
Permits all angular movement Biaxial Metacarpophalangeal (knuckle) joints
Movement in two planes Uniaxial Wrist joints
Movement in two planes Biaxial Metacarpophalangeal (knuckle) joints
Permits all angular movement Uniaxial Wrist joints
Define amphiarthroses
does not permit movement
allows little or partial movement of joints
joints with freely movable articulations
Define cartilaginous
collagen fibers attach to the bones that are articulating
ends of the articulating bones are covered with hyaline cartilage, lined with a synovial membrane and enclosed by a fibrous cartilage
Define fibrous
collagen fiber attach to the bones that are articulating
ends of the articulating bones are covered with hyaline cartilage, lined with a synovial membrane and enclosed by a fibrous capsule
Define dorsiflexion
moves the thumb to touch one of the other finger tips
moves sole of the food outward at the ankle joint
decreases the angle of foot with the anterior surface of leg
Define diarthroses
allows little or partial movement
joints with freely movable articulation
Define ball-and-socket joints. Are they nonaxial, uniaxial, biaxial or multiaxial? Give an example.
Rotational movement Multiaxial Elbow joints
Movement in all planes Multiaxial Shoulder joint
Movement in all planes Multiaxial Elbow joints
Rotational movement Multiaxial Shoulder joint
Define extension
increases the angle between two or more bones
bends or decreases the angle between bones
moves the bone away from the medial plane
Define flexion
Moves the bones of the forearm so that the radius and ulna are parallel
bends and decreases the angle between bones
Define hinge joints. Are they nonaxial, uniaxial, biaxial or multiaxial? Give an example.
flexion/ extension in a single plane Biaxial Elbow Joints
only gliding movement Uniaxial Interphalangeal joints
only gliding movement Biaxial Interphalangeal joints
flexion/ extension in a single plane Uniaxial Elbow Joints
Define Abduction
Moves the bone away from the median plane
Moves the bone toward the median plane
Define depression
moves a part of the body backward on a plane parallel to the ground
Lowers a part of the body
Define plane movement. Is it nonaxial, uniaxial, biaxial or multiaxial? Give an example.
Permits all angular movements Nonaxial Carpals of hands
Only gliding movement Nonaxial Carpals of hands
Permits all angular movements Uniaxial Elbows
Only gliding movement Uniaxial Elbows
Define synarthroses
does not permit movement of joints
allow little or partial movement of joint
Define pronation
increases angle between two or more bones
decreases angle of foot with the anterior surface of leg
moves the bones of the forearm so that the radius and ulna are not parallel
Define cicumduction
moves the bone so that as the distal part makes a circle the proximal makes a cone
raises part of the body
Define eversion
moves the bone away from the median plane
moves the sole of the foot inward at the ankle joint
Define inversion
Moves the sole of the foot inward at the ankle joint
raises a part of the body
moves the bone toward the median plane
Define pivot joints. Are they nonaxial, uniaxial, biaxial or multiaxial? Give an example.
permits all angular movements Uniaxial Proximal radioulnar joints
rotational movement Uniaxial Proximal radioulnar joints
permits all angular movements Biaxial Proximal radioulnar joints
rotational movement Biaxial Proximal radioulnar joints
Define protraction
moves the bones of the forearm so that the radius and ulna are parallel
moves a part of the body forward on a plane parallel to the ground
Define retraction
Moves a part of the body backward on a plane parallel to the ground
moves the bone toward the medial plane
Define elevation
Define rotation
moves the body laterally or medially about a central axis
Define saddle joints. Are they nonaxial, uniaxial, biaxial or multiaxial? Give an example.
Movement is in two planes Uniaxial Carpometacarpal joints of the thumb
flexion/ extension in a single plane Biaxial Carpometacarpal joints of the thumb
Movement is in two planes Biaxial Carpometacarpal joints of the thumb
flexion/ extension in a single plane Uniaxial Carpometacarpal joints of the thumb
Define the plantar flexion
increases angle of foot with anterior surface of leg
lower part of the body
Define opposition
lowers part of the body
