Human Biology Year 1 Semester 1 Midterm 1 - Cells

What are the two kinds of cells?

What are the two domains of Procaryotes (bacteria)?

Do Procaryotes have a nucleus?
Do they have membrane bound organelles?

True or False:
Procaryotes were the first cells and they are single-cell organisms.

What is Peptidoglycan ?

What is the one domain of Eukaryotes?

What is the endosymbiotic theory?

What are single, colonial and multicellular organisms?

Where is the DNA located in eukaryotes? Procarkyotes?

True or False: eukaryotes have membrane bound organelles.

True or False: There a difference in the plasma membrane of pro and eukaryotes

What is haploid? Diploid?

True or False- Do animals and plants both have mitochondria and chloroplasts?

What is mitosis? Cytokinesis? Meiosis?

3 points of Prokaryotic Division

3 points of eukaryotic chromosomes

What is DNA coiled around?

What is a group of nucleosomes called?

What forms a chromatin loop?

What do many chromatin loops form?

Eukaryotic chromosomes have a centromere. Where is it located and what is it the attachment site for?I

What is the protein that spindle fibers attach to?

What is a chromosome?

Define: centromere

Define: Chromatid

Define: Homologous

Define: Haploid (n)

Define: Diploid (2n)

What is trisomy & monosomy ?

Define: Cell cycle

What are the phases of interphase?
Mitosis?
And what follows mitosis?

What do the checkpoints determine? What are they?
(regulating the cell cycle)

Name 3 factors that influence the check at the checkpoints.

What stage do cells often get stuck in and stay for long periods of time?

What happens at the G1 restriction point?

What happens at the G2/M checkpoint?

What happens at the spindle checkpoint?

What does CDK stand for?

What are proteins activated by and what does this allow?

True or false- Each checkpoint has its own cyclins

Define mitosis. State what it produces.

Does crossing over of alleles occur in mitosis? What is conserved?

What are the 4 phases of mitosis and what is it followed by?

What is meiosis? What does it produce?

What does meiosis start with and what does it end with?

Name the 6 major differences between Mitosis and Meiosis.

What happens and what is produced in:
Meiosis I: _____
Meiosis II: _______
What are the final products?

What is the chiasma?

Complete:
Meiosis II resolves the ____________.
4 _______ cells.

How does recombining of genetic info. occur?

Where does variation originally occur? What does it create?