Mitch Thornell
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Mitch Thornell
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Week 1 patho tri 2

Pregunta 1 de 35

1

Typical early signs or symptoms of myocardial infarction include:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • persistent chest pain radiating to the left arm, pallor, and rapid, weak pulse.

  • bradycardia, increased blood pressure, and severe dyspnea.

  • brief, substernal pain radiating to the right arm, with labored breathing.

  • flushed face, rapid respirations, left-side weakness, and numbness.

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 35

1

A drug taken in small doses on a continuing basis to reduce platelet adhesion is:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Aspirin

  • Ibuprofen

  • Heparin

  • streptokinase

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 35

1

When comparing angina with myocardial infarction (MI), which statement is true?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Angina often occurs at rest; MI occurs during a stressful time.

  • Pain is more severe and lasts longer with angina than with MI.

  • Angina pain is relieved by rest and intake of nitroglycerin; the pain of MI is not.

  • Both angina and MI cause tissue necrosis.

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 35

1

The basic pathophysiology of myocardial infarction is best described as:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • total obstruction of a coronary artery, which causes myocardial necrosis.

  • irregular heart rate and force, reducing blood supply to coronary arteries.

  • temporary vasospasm that occurs in a coronary artery.

  • cardiac output that is insufficient to meet the needs of the heart and body.

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 35

1

The most common cause of a myocardial infarction is:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • a disruption of the heart conduction system.

  • an imbalance in calcium ions.

  • an infection of the heart muscle.

  • atherosclerosis involving an attached thrombus.

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 35

1

A general term for all types of arterial changes, but most often applied to loss of elasticity of arteries and arterioles, is:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Atherosclerosis

  • Osteoporosis

  • Arteriosclerosis

  • Vascular stenosis

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 35

1

Hypertension that is idiopathic is known as:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Essential

  • Tertiary

  • Angina

  • Secondary

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 35

1

A modifiable factor that increases the risk for atherosclerosis is:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • excluding saturated fats from the diet.

  • leading a sedentary lifestyle.

  • being female and older than 40 years of age.

  • familial hypercholesterolemia.

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 35

1

A 52-year-old male is diagnosed with primary hypertension. He could be treated with a drug that acts by which of the following mechanisms?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • calcium channel agonist

  • angiotensin ll agonist

  • diuretic

  • beta-adrenergic agonist

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 35

1

Factors that may lead to the formation of varicose veins include:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Pregnancy, vitamin deficiencies, and mitral valve defects

  • Diet, exercise, and obesity

  • Vein valve damage, wearing tight clothing, and crossing legs

  • Trauma, lying in bed for prolonged periods, and liver failure

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 35

1

A stationary blood clot within an artery is a:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Stroke

  • Embolus

  • Thrombus

  • Myocardial infarction

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 35

1

Which of the following hypertensive individuals is most likely to have his or her high blood pressure diagnosed as secondary rather than essential?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • A 51-year-old male who has been diagnosed with glomerulonephritis

  • An African American man who leads a sedentary lifestyle

  • A 40-year-old smoker who eats excessive amounts of salt and saturated fats

  • A 69-year-old woman who is an executive in a large corporation

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 35

1

Adverse effects such as an unproductive cough sometimes occur with which category of medicine frequently used for treatment of hypertension?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Diuretics

  • ACE inhibitors.

  • Calcium channel blockers

  • β-blockers

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 35

1

A venous disorder in which a thrombus forms spontaneously in a vein without prior inflammation is referred to as:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Venous stenosis

  • Phlebothrombosis

  • Fibrothrombosis

  • Thrombophlebitis

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 35

1

Calcium-channel blocking drugs are effective in:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • reducing cardiac and smooth muscle contractions.

  • decreasing all types of cardiac arrhythmias

  • reducing the risk of blood clotting.

  • decreasing the attraction of cholesterol into lipid plaques.

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 35

1

Factors that may precipitate an angina attack include all of the following EXCEPT:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • engaging in an angry argument.

  • running up stairs on a hot day

  • taking a nap.

  • eating a large meal.

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 35

1

Four patients were admitted to the emergency department with severe chest pain. All were given preliminary treatment with aspirin, morphine, and nitrates and were monitored by ECG. Which patient most likely experienced myocardial infarction?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • A 67-year-old female whose pain started at 2 AM while she was asleep and responded to nitrates; the ECG showed arrhythmias and ST-segment elevation; cardiac markers remained stable.

  • An 80-year-old woman whose pain started at 6 AM shortly after awakening and was not relieved by nitrates or rest; the ECG showed ST-segment elevation; levels of cardiac markers subsequently rose.

  • A 33-year-old male whose pain started at 7 AM during moderate exercise and was relieved by nitrates; ECG was normal; cardiac markers remained stable.

  • A 61-year-old man whose pain started at 9 AM during a short walk and responded to nitrates, but not to rest; ECG and cardiac markers remained stable, but anginal pattern worsened.

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 35

1

The most common cause of myocardial ischaemia is:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • venous emboli

  • idiopathic vasospasm

  • atherosclerosis

  • arterial emboli from heart valve vegetation

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 35

1

A 75-year-old male presents with severe chest pain. Lab tests in hospital reveal elevated levels of creatine kinase and troponins. These elevated levels indicate probable:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Unstable angina

  • Myocardial infarction

  • Hypertension

  • Stable angina

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 35

1

Typical early signs or symptoms of myocardial infarction include:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • brief, substernal pain radiating to the right arm, with labored breathing.

  • bradycardia, increased blood pressure, and severe dyspnea.

  • flushed face, rapid respirations, left-side weakness, and numbness.

  • persistent chest pain radiating to the left arm, pallor, and rapid, weak pulse.

Explicación

Pregunta 21 de 35

1

The most common cause of a myocardial ischaemia is:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • arterial emboli from heart valve vegetation

  • venous emboli

  • Idiopathic vasospasm

  • atherosclerosis

Explicación

Pregunta 22 de 35

1

A coronary artery disease that occurs when the blood flow to the myocardial cells is interrupted for a period of time, followed by necrosis, is referred to as:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Dysrhythmias

  • atherosclerosis

  • Myocardial infarction

  • angina pectoris

Explicación

Pregunta 23 de 35

1

Which antihypertensive drug group should be avoided when a person has pre-existing respiratory condition like asthma?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • B-blockers

  • Diuretics

  • ACE inhibitors

  • Calcium channel antagonists

Explicación

Pregunta 24 de 35

1

Which of the following types of drugs is not typically used to treat hypertension?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • nitrates

  • thiazide diuretics

  • ACE inhibitors

  • Calcium channel blockers

Explicación

Pregunta 25 de 35

1

Hypertension can be classified into the following three major categories:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Subacute, acute and chronic

  • essential, secondary and malignant

  • Active, passive, fatal

  • primary, secondary and tertiary

Explicación

Pregunta 26 de 35

1

Which vessel/s is/are particularly prone to an aneurysm?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Aorta

  • Small peripheral arteries of the legs

  • inferior vena cava

  • superior vena cava

Explicación

Pregunta 27 de 35

1

A 55-yr old male died of myocardial infarction. autopsy would most likely reveal:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Platelet aggregation with an atherosclerotic coronary artery.

  • Decreased ventricular diastolic filling time

  • Smooth muscle dysplasia in the coronary artery

  • Embolism of plaque from the aorta

Explicación

Pregunta 28 de 35

1

What condition refers to thrombotic events associated with venous wall inflammation, and occurs in any part of the body

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Thrombophlebitis

  • Deep Vein Thrombosis

  • Phlebothrombosis

  • Varicose veins

Explicación

Pregunta 29 de 35

1

A 60 year old female had a myocardial infarction. she was brought to hospital 30 minutes later, she survived but now has impaired ventricular function because:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • there was too much stress on the heart

  • There was a temporary alteration in electrolyte balance

  • the cells became hypertrophic

  • The resulting ischaemia led to hypoxic injury and myocardial cell death

Explicación

Pregunta 30 de 35

1

The build-up of fatty plaques within the wall of arteries is:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Ischaemic heart disease

  • Atherosclerosis

  • Hypertension

  • Peripheral vascular disease

Explicación

Pregunta 31 de 35

1

A venous disorder in which a thrombus forms spontaneously in a vein without prior inflammation is referred to as:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • fibrothrombosis

  • thrombophlebitis

  • Phlebothrombosis

  • Venous stenosis

Explicación

Pregunta 32 de 35

1

Cigarette smoking is a risk factor in coronary artery disease because smoking:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Decrease serum lipid levels

  • Increase serum HDL levels

  • Promotes platelet adhesion

  • Reduces vasoconstriction and peripheral resistance

Explicación

Pregunta 33 de 35

1

Factors that may lead to the formation of varicose veins include:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Pregnancy, vitamin deficiencies and mitral valve defects

  • Diet, exercise and obesity

  • Trauma, lying in bed for prolonged periods and liver failure

  • vein valve damage, wearing tight clothing and crossing legs

Explicación

Pregunta 34 de 35

1

High levels of which of the following lipoproteins can be beneficial?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • HDL

  • IDL

  • LDL

  • VLDL

Explicación

Pregunta 35 de 35

1

Low-density lipoproteins (LDL):

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • are associated with low intake of saturated fats.

  • promote atheroma development.

  • transport cholesterol from cells to the liver for excretion.

  • contain only small amounts of cholesterol.

Explicación

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