Mechanisms of Hormone Action

How do hydrophilic hormones work?

How do hydrophobic hormones work?

Define a receptor.

What are 5 characteristics of receptors?

How are receptors regulated? (3)

Describe the process of degradation.

How does desensitization work?

What are the five main types of receptors?

Describe cell-surface receptors.

What are the two possible signal transduction pathways?

What is the structure of G-protein-linked receptors? (4)

Describe G-proteins and their function.

What are the three G-protein families and what do they do?

How is cAMP formed? degraded?
What does it activate?
What are its responses? (5)

How does PKA initiate protein synthesis?

Describe the phospholipid pathway.
What activates it?

What is IP3? What does it do?

What is DAG? What does it do?

What is AA? What does it do?

What are some features of enzyme-linked receptors? (4)

What are the 4 categories of enzyme-linked receptors?

What are 3 main tyrosine kinase receptors?

How do the Tyrosine Kinase Receptors work?

Describe the Insulin-R receptor

Describe the Map Kinase pathway

How do the Tyrosine Kinase-Associated Receptors work?
Give an example

How do the Serine-Threonine Kinase Receptors work? Describe the ligands

Describe what the TGF-Beta family is and how it works.

Describe what the BMP family is and how it works.

What is R-SMAD?
When is it activated?

What are SMADs, in general?

What is Co-SMAD?

What is an Inhibitory SMAD?

What do does Guanylate Cyclase (GC) catalyse?

What is sGC? How is it activated?

What does NO do? What does it activate?

What is pGC? What is it a receptor for?

How are ion channel receptors activated?

What is the typical ion channel receptor pathway?

What are common features of ion channel receptors? (4) What is an example?

What is the typical intracellular (nuclear) receptors pathway?

What are the 6 domains of Intracellular (nuclear) receptors?

What is the function of the DNA-binding
section in Intracellular Receptors?

What is the function of the Nuclear localization signal
in Intracellular Receptors?

What is the function of the
Ligand-binding domain
in Intracellular Receptors? And what does it activate?

What conformational changes does the intracellular (nuclear) receptor molecule undergo in order to be in its DNA-binding form?

What groups use the intracellular (nuclear) pathway?

What would be a way to test if a hormone had a non-genomic action?