Sound frequency is measured in
Name the bones of the middle ear from superficial to deep
❌: Reduces the noise of loud sounds such as chewing or shouting ❌: Dampens vibrations of one of the ossicles to control the amplitude of sound waves being projected into the inner ear
The Stapes bone connected to the inner ear via the ❌ window
Label the anatomy of the cochlea.
Reissner's Basilar Corti's Vestibular( Reissner's, Basilar, Corti's, Vestibular ) Membrane separates the scala vestibuli from the scala media The Basilar Reissner Vestibular Corti( Basilar, Reissner, Vestibular, Corti ) Membrane separates the scala media from the scala tympani
Scala vestibuli meets ❌ window Scala tympani meets ❌ window
The point at which scala vestibuli meets scala tympani is called the
The group of nerve cells in the cochlea that serve the sense of hearing by sending a representation of sound from the cochlea to the brain is called the
The Organ of Corti contains two types of hair cells, inner and outer. Inner Hair Cells Outer Hair Cells( Inner Hair Cells, Outer Hair Cells ) are primarily a source of afferent signals in the cochlear nerve. Outer Hair Cells Inner Hair Cells( Outer Hair Cells, Inner Hair Cells ) primarily receive efferent outputs from the CNS to control hair stiffness and amplify membrane vibration
The membrane between the scala vestibuli and the organ of corti is called the membrane.
In regard to the auditory pathway, the Thalamic relay between the Inferior Colliculus and the Primary Auditory Cortex is via the Nucleus
Which of the following coloured areas of the brain shows the Primary Auditory Cortex?
Blue
Red
Green
Orange
Yellow
The lateral and medial superior inferior( superior, inferior ) olivary lemniscal geniculate collicular( olivary, lemniscal, geniculate, collicular ) nuclei are responsible for locating a sound in space
Fill in the the Central Auditory Pathway, from the cochlea to the primary auditory cortex: Cochlea ❌ ❌ ❌ ❌ ❌ Primary Auditory Cortex
The function of the vestibular organ is to establish an individual's orientation in the world (which way am I going, which was is up, etc). It does this by measuring acceleration. Head angular acceleration is measured by the ❌ Head linear acceleration is measured by the ❌
Which vestibular organ(s) detects rotational motion of the head?
The Semicircular Canals
The Utricle
The Saccule
Label the semicircular canal and its contents shown below.
In terms of the otolith organs: The ❌ detects movement in the vertical (sagittal) plane The ❌ detects movement in the horizontal plane
The otoconia are small crystals which lie on the otolithic membrane dictate the movement of the cilia of the otolithic hair cells. What chemical substance are these otoconia crystals made of?
Each otolith organ (saccule & utricle) contains a central dividing line that separates it into two halves, each side with opposing polarity to the other. This allows each otolith organ to have multidirectional sensitivity (e.g. utricle can detect left and right). This dividing line is known as the .
Vestibular Reflexes: ❌ - Keeps eyes still while the head moves ❌ - Keeps the head still in space while you walk ❌ - Adjusts posture for rapid changes in position
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