Mitch Thornell
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Medications in seperate quiz

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Mitch Thornell
Creado por Mitch Thornell hace casi 6 años
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Patho mod 1 (from matrix)

Patho mod 1 (from matrix)

Pregunta 1 de 43

1

A modifiable factor that increases the risk for atherosclerosis is:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • leading a sedentary lifestyle.

  • excluding saturated fats from the diet.

  • being female and older than 40 years of age.

  • familial hypercholesterolemia.

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 43

1

Cigarette smoking is a risk factor in coronary artery disease because smoking:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Decrease serum lipid levels

  • Increase serum HDL levels

  • Promotes platelet adhesion

  • Reduces vasoconstriction and peripheral resistance

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 43

1

The most common cause of a myocardial ischaemia is:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • arterial emboli from heart valve vegetation

  • venous emboli

  • Idiopathic vasospasm

  • atherosclerosis

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 43

1

Which of the following is described by an incomplete blockage of coronary arteries; occurs when a the client exerts themself?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Stable Angina

  • Non-stable Angina

  • Non ST elevated MI

  • ST elevated MI

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 43

1

George comes in complaining of episodic chest pain that is relieved after a couple of minutes, he states that it occurs at random times throughout the day, even when he is sitting down.
Imaging identifies an incomplete blockage by atherosclerotic plaque in the LAD.
What category of IHD is likely to be presenting in George?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • NSTEMI

  • STEMI

  • Non-stable angina

  • Stable angina

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 43

1

WIlson, aged 42, presents with a medical history of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, smoking, and family history of premature CAD presents with retrosternal crushing chest pain (10/10 in intensity), radiating down the left arm and left side of the neck. He feels nauseated and light-headed and is short of breath. Examination reveals a hypotensive, diaphoretic man in considerable discomfort with diffuse bilateral rales on chest auscultation. ECG reveals convex ST-segment elevation in leads V1 to V6.
what is the diagnosis for this patient?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • ST-elevation myocardial infarction

  • Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction

  • Angina

  • Left-sided heart disease

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 43

1

A 69-year-old man develops worsening substernal chest pressure after going for a walk in the morning before work. He tells his wife he feels a squeezing pain that is radiating to his jaw and left shoulder. He appears anxious and his wife calls for an ambulance, as he is distressed and sweating profusely. Past medical history is significant for HTN and he has been told by his doctor that he has borderline diabetes. On examination in the emergency department he is very anxious and diaphoretic. His heart rate is 112 bpm and BP is 159/93 mmHg. The ECG is significant for ST depression in the anterior leads. Three doses of sublingual glyceryl trinitrate provide little relief.
What is the most likely diagnosis

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction

  • ST-elevation myocardial infarction

  • Stable Angina

  • Variant Angina

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 43

1

What is the difference between angina and MI?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Chest pain is greater in MI

  • incomplete occlusion of coronary arteries are present in MI

  • Irreversible cell death has occured in MI

  • transmural damage is present in MI

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 43

1

Four patients were admitted to the emergency department with severe chest pain. All were given preliminary treatment with aspirin, morphine, and nitrates and were monitored by ECG. Which patient most likely experienced myocardial infarction?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • A 67-year-old female whose pain started at 2 AM while she was asleep and responded to nitrates; the ECG showed arrhythmias and ST-segment elevation; cardiac markers remained stable.

  • An 80-year-old woman whose pain started at 6 AM shortly after awakening and was not relieved by nitrates or rest; the ECG showed ST-segment elevation; levels of cardiac markers subsequently rose.

  • A 33-year-old male whose pain started at 7 AM during moderate exercise and was relieved by nitrates; ECG was normal; cardiac markers remained stable.

  • A 61-year-old man whose pain started at 9 AM during a short walk and responded to nitrates, but not to rest; ECG and cardiac markers remained stable, but anginal pattern worsened.

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 43

1

When comparing angina with myocardial infarction (MI), which statement is true?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Angina often occurs at rest; MI occurs during a stressful time.

  • Pain is more severe and lasts longer with angina than with MI.

  • Angina pain is relieved by rest and intake of nitroglycerin; the pain of MI is not.

  • Both angina and MI cause tissue necrosis.

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 43

1

What type of IHD will have transmural damage on the heart?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • STEMI

  • NSTEMI

  • Stable Angina

  • Variant Angina

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 43

1

Whilst under the care for an infarction, which occured 4 days ago, Mary is suspected of having another Infarction, which cardiac marker will be most use full for prooving reinfarction?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Troponin I

  • CK - MB

  • CK - MM

  • Serum electrolyte levels

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 43

1

Hypertension that is idiopathic is known as:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Tertiary

  • Essential

  • Secondary

  • Angina

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 43

1

What type of hypertension is defined as uncontrollable hypertension even when treated with three or more drugs?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Malignant or resistant hypertension

  • Secondary hypertension

  • Primary or essential hypertension

  • Angina

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 43

1

What type of hypertension is the result of another disease?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Secondary

  • Primary

  • Tertiary

  • Angina

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 43

1

Atherosclerosis; sclerotic, narrow blood vessels, may be caused by what chronic condition?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Hypertension

  • Angina

  • Infarction

  • Shock

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 43

1

A 34-year-old man who is an intravenous drug user has presented to the emergency department with malaise, abdominal pain, and lethargy. The health care team wants to rule out endocarditis as a diagnosis. Staff of the department would most realistically anticipate which of the following sets of diagnostics?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • CT of the heart, chest x-ray, and ECG

  • ECG, blood pressure, and stress test

  • Cardiac catheterization, chest x-ray, electrolyte measurement, and white cell count

  • Echocardiogram, blood cultures, and temperature

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 43

1

Which one of the following is not a pathophysiological change associated with heart failure?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Decreased angiotensin II production.

  • Increased myocardial oxygen demand.

  • Cardiac remodelling.

  • Decreased myocardial contractility.

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 43

1

A 3-year-old child with right-sided heart failure has been admitted for worsening of his condition. Which of the following assessments would be considered one of the earliest signs of systemic venous congestion in this toddler?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Breathlessness with activity

  • Increased urine output

  • Enlargement of the liver

  • Excessive crying

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 43

1

A nurse will be providing care for a female patient who has a diagnosis of heart failure that has been characterized as being primarily right sided. Which of the following statements best describes the presentation that the nurse should anticipate? The client

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • has cyanotic lips and extremities, low urine output, and low blood pressure.

  • complains of dyspnea and has adventitious breath sounds on auscultation (listening).

  • has a distended bladder, facial edema, and nighttime difficulty breathing.

  • has pitting edema to the ankles and feet bilaterally, decreased activity tolerance, and occasional upper right quadrant pain.

Explicación

Pregunta 21 de 43

1

A nurse will be providing care for a female patient who has a diagnosis of heart failure that has been characterized as being primarily right sided. Which of the following statements best describes the presentation that the nurse should anticipate? The client

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • has cyanotic lips and extremities, low urine output, and low blood pressure.

  • complains of dyspnea and has adventitious breath sounds on auscultation (listening).

  • has a distended bladder, facial edema, and nighttime difficulty breathing.

  • has pitting edema to the ankles and feet bilaterally, decreased activity tolerance, and occasional upper right quadrant pain.

Explicación

Pregunta 22 de 43

1

A 65-year-old male with history of untreated hypertension is now experiencing left heart failure. The most likely reason is

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • myocardial hypertrophy and ventricular remodelling

  • alterations in alpha and beta receptor function

  • Inhibition of renin and aldosterone

  • ventricular dilation and wall thinning

Explicación

Pregunta 23 de 43

1

Right heart failure will likely cause:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Pitting oedema in the lower legs resulting from increased venous pressure

  • non-pitting oedema in the arms, resulting from decreased arterial pressure

  • pulmonary oedema from increased left ventricular filling

  • all answers are correct

Explicación

Pregunta 24 de 43

1

Compensation mechanisms for decreased cardiac output in cases of congestive heart failure include:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • increased renin and aldosterone secretions

  • Slow cardiac contractions

  • Fatigue and cold intolerance

  • Decreased erythropoietin secretion

Explicación

Pregunta 25 de 43

1

A 72-year-old female has history of right heart failure caused by a right ventricular myocardial infarction. which of the following symptoms are directly related to her heart failure?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • significant oedema to both lower legs and feet

  • Decreased urine output

  • hypertension

  • pulmonary congestion

Explicación

Pregunta 26 de 43

1

All but one of the following are signs of congestive heart failure EXCEPT:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Polyuria

  • Muscle fatigue

  • oedema

  • cough

Explicación

Pregunta 27 de 43

1

What is not one of the ways a dysrhythmia may be classified?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Site of origin

  • Mechanism of disturbance

  • Duration of disturbance

  • Electrocardiogram (ECG) appearance

Explicación

Pregunta 28 de 43

1

Multifocal atrial tachycardia;

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Originates from multiple non-SA sites within the atria and has >100 QRS complexes/min.

  • >100 QRS complexes/min. originating from nonSA
    node site (i.e. a single site in the atria (ectopic))

  • between 250-350 bpm caused by atrial re-entry mechanism

  • >350 bpm caused by multiple atrial re-entry mechanisms

Explicación

Pregunta 29 de 43

1

">350 bpm caused by multiple atrial re-entry mechanisms with the atria"

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Atrial fibrillation

  • Atrial flutter

  • Atrial tachycardia (focal)

  • Atrial bradycardia

Explicación

Pregunta 30 de 43

1

What are the typical early clinical manifestations of anaemia?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Bradycardia, cyanosis

  • Pallor, dyspnea, and fatigue

  • Chest pain, palpitations

  • Jaundice, cyanosis

Explicación

Pregunta 31 de 43

1

Which of the following is typically not associated with anaemia?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • disruption of haemoglobin chains

  • increased haemolysis

  • lack of intrinsic factor

  • high dietary iron intake

Explicación

Pregunta 32 de 43

1

Anaemia due to inherited mutations that reduce the production of either alpha or beta haemoglobin chains is known as:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • haemolytic anaemia

  • thalassaemia

  • all answers are correct

  • pernicious anaemia

Explicación

Pregunta 33 de 43

1

Chronic blood loss causes anaemia because of the:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • smaller amount of recycled iron available

  • loss of protein and electrolytes

  • lower metabolic rate

  • shortened life span of the erythrocytes

Explicación

Pregunta 34 de 43

1

Transmural damage is commonly seen in?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • STEMI

  • NSTEMI

  • Angina

  • Atherosclerosis

Explicación

Pregunta 35 de 43

1

Heart failure is when the heart is unable to pump enough blood around the body to meet the _________ needs of the body.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Metabolic

  • Oxygen

  • Nutrient

  • Energy

Explicación

Pregunta 36 de 43

1

Which of the below is not a direct cause of right sided heart failure?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Infarction of the right ventricle

  • Pulmonary valve stenosis

  • Aortic valve stenosis

  • Cor pulmonale (pulmonary oedema)

Explicación

Pregunta 37 de 43

1

which of the below is not a direct cause of Left sided heart failure?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Infarction of the left ventricle

  • Aortic valve stenosis

  • Hyperthyroidism

  • Pulmonary valve stenosis

Explicación

Pregunta 38 de 43

1

Oedema caused by Right sided heart failure does not include

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Lower limbs (legs)

  • Liver (Congestive hepatomegaly "nutmeg liver")

  • Abdominal organs

  • Pulmonary system

Explicación

Pregunta 39 de 43

1

Pulmonary congestion is caused by?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Backup effect in LHF

  • Backup effect in RHF

  • the forward effect in LHF

  • the forward effect in RHF

Explicación

Pregunta 40 de 43

1

From the following; treatment is limited to electrical defibrillation.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • AF

  • VF

  • VT

  • Heart block

Explicación

Pregunta 41 de 43

1

Which of the following is not a way anaemia is classified?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Volume of circulating RBC

  • Colour of RBC

  • Mechanism causing anaemia

  • Size of RBC

Explicación

Pregunta 42 de 43

1

Which of the following is not apart of FBC for anaemia?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Mean corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH) ... Hb/RBC (weight of haemoglobin)

  • Mean Circulating Haemoglobin Concentration (MCHC)... Hb/HCT (concentration of haemoglobin)

  • Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) .... HCT/RBC (average size of RBC)

  • Total Erythrocyte Mass (TEC) .... RBC/HCT (average mass of RBC)

Explicación

Pregunta 43 de 43

1

which of the following is not a general clinical manifestation of anaemia?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Fatigue

  • Pallor

  • Dyspnea

  • Bradycardia

Explicación

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