What are the five red flags for new onset headache patients?
New onset headache in a patient >55
New onset headache in a patient <55
Known or previous malignancy
Immuno-suppressed
Early morning headache
Late night headache
Exacerbation by sneezing/coughing/etc
Fever
Nasal stuffiness
Are Migraines more common in Males or Females?
Males
Females
What is more common in the general population?
Migraine with Aura
Migraine without Aura
Migraine without Aura - Diagnostic Criteria (part I): The patient must have experienced at least 5 3 4 6( 5, 3, 4, 6 ) attacks The patient's migraines must last between 4-72 1-2 2-24 24-48( 4-72, 1-2, 2-24, 24-48 ) hours
Migraine without Aura - Diagnostic Criteria (part II): The headache must have at least two of which of the four following qualities?
Unilateral location of migraine
Bilateral location of migraine
Pulsating quality
Tingling quality
Moderate or Severe pain
Aggravation by routine physical activity
Numbness around the cranium
Migraine without Aura - Diagnostic Criteria (part III): During the headache at least one of which of the following two things must occur?
Nausea and/or vomiting
Photophobia
What is the most common type of 'aura' that occurs prior to a migraine?
Visual Distrubance
Auditory Disturbance
Dizziness
Paraesthesia
Which of the following drug types is given most commonly for migraines? (medication should be taken as early as possible)
NSAID (e.g. Ibuprofen)
Beta Blocker (Propranolol)
Analgesic (e.g. Paracetamol)
As well as NSAIDs, serotonin receptor agonists called '' are also used to treat migraines with a similar efficacy.
If a person is having more than 3 4 5( 3, 4, 5 ) migraines per month then prophylaxis should be considered.
The following drugs can be used for migraine prophylaxis, match them to their drug classes: Propranolol: ❌ Topiramate: ❌ Amitriptyline: ❌
Migraine vs Tension Type Headache:
Migraine: Location = ❌ N&V? ❌ Photophobia? ❌
Tension Type Headache: Location = ❌ N&V? ❌ Photophobia? ❌
What are the four types of Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalgias (TACs)?
Cluster Headache
Paroxysmal Hemicrania
Hemicrania Continua
Hemicrania Parietum
Short-Lasting Unilateral Neuralgiform headache with Conjunctival Injection and Tearing (SUNCT)
Paroxysmal Autocrania
Temporal Neuralgiform Cephalgia
Which of the following patients is most likely to develop cluster headaches?
35 year old male
17 year old female
85 year old female
79 year old male
Cluster headaches tend to occur unilaterally bilaterally( unilaterally, bilaterally ) around the eye ear teeth temple( eye, ear, teeth, temple ) typically lasting between 20 mins and 3 hours 1 min and 10 mins 5 hours and 10 hours( 20 mins and 3 hours, 1 min and 10 mins, 5 hours and 10 hours ).
Which drug should be given alongside high flow 100% oxygen (for 20 mins) to treat cluster headaches?
Sumatriptan subcutaneously
Crushed Aspirin orally
Propranolol Hydrochloride IV
Paroxysmal Hemicrania Hemicrania Continua Cluster Headache SUNCT( Paroxysmal Hemicrania, Hemicrania Continua, Cluster Headache, SUNCT ) has an absolute response to Indomethacin. Therefore, if you give Indomethacin for this condition and it does not work, you have mis-diagnosed the patient.
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension is a growing epidemic purely because it occurs in many people who are ...
Obese
Diabetic
Anaemic
Vegan
The fundoscopy shown here pictures one of the main consequences of Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension. This clinical finding on fundoscopy is called
Diagnose the following patient. An 87 year old woman presents complaining of unilateral severe, stabbing jolts when she does every day activities such as brushing her teeth or putting on her makeup. She says she can have multiple of these per day although the pain only tends to last around 2-3 seconds.
Trigeminal Neuralgia
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Facial Neuralgia
What is the first line treatment for trigeminal neuralgia?
Carbamazepine
Ibuprofen
Paracetamol
Co-codamol
Sumatriptan
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