The nervous system could be defined as ______.
a complex network of wiring and circuits that carries information to and from all parts of the body
a specialized system that is designed to release neurotransmitters into the bloodstream anywhere in the body
all nerves and neurons that are not contained in the brain and spinal cord but that run throughout the body itself
a system of glands, located throughout the body, that secrete hormones and release them into the bloodstream
A specialized cell found in the nervous system that receives and sends messages within that system is called a __________.
glial cell
neuron
cell body
myelin sheath
The four parts of every neuron are:
myelin; glia; soma; soma
dendrite; soma; axon; axon terminals
glia; dendrite; axon; hormones
myelin; soma; dendrite; astrocytes
In neurons, the branchlike structures that receive messages from other neurons are called ______________.
axons
nerve bundles
dendrites
synapses
Which part of a neuron is attached to the soma and carries messages out to other cells?
soma
dendrite
cell membrane
A long structure leaving the cell body that action potentials travel along is called ________.
denrite
axon
neurons that carry information from the senses to the brain and spinal cord are called ______
motor neurons
interneurons
sensory neurons
reflexes
Mary put her hand on a hot stove. Which neuron is responsible for sending a pain message up her spinal column, where it would then enter into the main area of the cord?
motor neuron
interneuron
sensory neuron
reflex
A young man reads in a letter that he has just won $1,000 in a state-wide lottery and he literally jumps for joy. Which neurons are sending messages from his brain to his legs ordering them to jump?
interaction neurons
association neurons
When a cell is "at rest," it is in a state called the _______ potential.
stopping
occipitation
resting
action
The state during which a neuron contains more negatively charged ions inside the cell that outside the cell and is not firing is referred to as the ________.
action potential
quite potential
synaptic potential
resting potential
When the electric potential in a cell is in firing versus and a resting state, this electrical charge reversal is known as the _____________.
excitation reaction
permeable reaction
"All or none" is the principle stating that ________.
a neuron either fires or does not fire
a neuron fires at full strength or not at all
all the dendrites must be receiving messages telling the neuron to fire or it will not fire all
all somas must be receiving messages telling the neuron to fire or it will not fire at all
Which neurotransmitter is associated with sleep, mood, and appetite
GABA
serotonin
dopamine
acetylcholine
Pain-controlling chemicals in the body are called _______.
neural regulators
histamines
androgens
endorphins
The first major division of the nervous system consists of the;
central and peripheral nervous systems
brain and spinal cord
somatic and autonomic nervous systems
sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
This is a long bundle of nerves that carries messages to the body from the brain and from the brain to the body. It is responsible for very fast reflexes.
the spinal cord
the corpus callosum
the cerebrum
the brainstem
The peripheral nervous system consists of ______.
all the nerve cells that are outside of the brain and spinal cord
all nerves in the brain and the spinal cord
the spinal cord and autonomic system
the brain and autonomic system
The peripheral nervous system consists of the ________ and the ______ nervous systems.
autonomic; somatic
autonomic; sympathetic
parasympathetic; somatic
parasympathetic; sympathetic
The _______ nervous system regulates the muscles over which people have conscious control.
somatic
autonomic
sympathetic
parasympathetic
As she walks out of the living room. Gloriann turns out the light. In this exampl, Gloriann's ________ is active.
sympathetic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
autonomic nervous system
somatic nervous system
The process of digesting your last snack or meal, or the unconscious regulation of your breathing, are all primarily rooted in the _________ nervous system.
limbic
secondary
The autonomic nervous system is divided into the _______ and the ________ divisions.
central; peripheral
sympathetic; parsympathetic
sensory; motor
limbic; endocrine
It's midnight and you are alone in your room studying. You hear a loud crash outside your room, and your whole body reacts instantly and furiously. The system that produces these reactions is the _______system.
central nervous
sympathetic nervous
parasympathetic nervous
Calm is to arousal as _______ is to _________.
autonomic; motor
sympathetic; parasympathetic
The branch of the autonomic nervous system that restores the body to normal functioning after arousal and is responsible for calming you down is called the _____.
spinal cord
parasympathetic nervous sytem
Small metal desks are pasted onto Miranda's scalp and they are connected by wire to the machine that records her brain waves. From this description, it is eident that Miranda's brain is being studied through the use of ________.
a CT scan
functional magnetic resonance imaging
a microelectrode
an electroencephalograph
Which of the following is a brain-imaging method in which radioactive dye that attaches to glucose in the brain is injected into a person and computer compiles a color-coded image of the activity of the person's brain?
electroencephalography (EEG)
computed tomography (CT)
positron emission tomography (PET)
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
An auto accident rendered Chris's nervous system unable to send messages for him to breathe, so he is on a respirator. Which brain structure was most likely damaged in the accident?
pons
medulla
cerebellum
reticular formation
A young woman recovering from a blow to her head finds she has great difficulty maintaining her balance and coordinating her movements. Injury to which part of her brain is likely to be causing her difficulties?
cerebral cortex
Which of the following is a group of several brain structures positioned in the center of the head and involved in learning, emotion, memory, and addiction>
limbic system
cerbral cortex
cerebrum
If the limbic system were destroyed, which of the following pairs of structures would be damaged?
cerebellum and corpus callosum
cerebellum and amygdala
amygdala and hippocampus
hippocampus and corpus callosum
What part of the brain acts as a relay station for incoming sesory information?
hypothalamus
thalamus
pituitary gland
Rats that have a damaged _______ would probably show little or no fear when placed next to a cat.
hippocamus
fornix
amygdala
Emily was n an automobile accident and suffered an injury to her brain resulting in difficulty controllin her left arm. What part of Emily's brain was injured?
left motor cortex
right motor cortex
corpus callosum
somatosensory cortex
Which of the following lobes are involved in planning, creativity, and movement?
temporal lobes
parietal lobe
frontal lobes
occipital lobes
Darla was in an automobile accident that resulted in an injury to her brain. Her sense of touch has been affected. Which lobe of her cerebral cortex is the most likely site of the damage?
frontal
tempora
occipital
parietal
Layla has difficulty recognizing spoken words, sometimes experiences memory problems, and occasionally has difficulty controlling her emotions. Which part of the brain is probably experiencing a problem that leads to this combination of symptoms?
the prefrontal cortex
the anterior parietal lobe
the right occipital lobe
the left temporal lobe
A brain tumor's growth has caused Dick s vision to suffer. Which lobe of the brain is being affected by the tumor's growth?
temporal
Which hemisphere of the cerebral cortex is better at math, logical reasoning, and language tasks?
front
rear
left
right
The left cerebral hemisphere primarily controls:
the right side of the body
the left side of the body
all motor functions
the spatial reasoning
Assume that you are testing a split-brain human subject whose language center is in his left hemisphere. If you place a house key into his left hand, he will.
not be able to later select the object he was holding from a group of various objects
not be able to tell you what objects he is presently holding
immediately be able to tell you what he is holding.
be able to tell you what he is presently holding if allowed to think about it for several seonds
A "split brain" patient is asked to stare at a spot on a screen. When a picture of an objet is shown to the left of the spot, the patient can ____________.
identify the object verbally and pick it out of a group of hidden objects using her right hand
identify the object verbally and pick it out of a group of hidden objects using her left hand
pick the object out of a group of hidden objects using her left hand, and can identify it by touch
pick the object out of a group of hidden objects using her hand, but cannot identify it verbally
The ability of the brain to change in response to experience or damage it called _______.
neural plasmosis
neurogenesis
neuroplasticity