Sulfonamides for topical application on skin and mucous membranes are:
Sulfadiazine
Sulfacetamide
Sulfisoxazole
Co-trimoxazole
Sulfonamides for oral administration are:
Sulfaguanidine
Mechanism of action of sulfonamide is:
they are synthetic analogues of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and complete with it for the enzyme dihydropteroate synthetase
they increase the permeability of the bacterial cell membrane
they inhibit bacterial wall synthesis
they inhibit the synthesis of bacterial dihydrofolic acid
For non-combined sulfanamides is true:
have broad antibacteriai spectrum
have narrow antibacterial spectrum
they are bactericidal
they are bacteriostatic
Co-trimoxazole:
contains trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole
contains sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine
has bactericidal effect
is taken every 12 hours
Fansidar:
is used as an antimalarial drug
is combined drug containing long-acting sulfonamide
mains sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine
Combined sulfonamides are:
bacteriostatic drugs
bactericidal drugs
antiviral drugs
narrow spectrum antimicrobial drugs
Crystalluria caused by sulfonamides may be prevented by:
administration of folic acid
adequate hydration
alkalinization of urine
acidification of urine
Adverse drug reactions of sulfonamides are:
hemapoietic disturbances
heart failure
hypersensitivity
crystalluria
Sulfonamides are contraindicated in:
renal or liver impairment
pregnancy and breast-feeding
new-borns and infants less than 2 months of age
arterial hypertension
Drug interactions of sulfonamides are:
petentiation of the effect of oral anticoagulants (warfarin)
antagonism when applied together with penicillines
synergism when applied together with penicillines
potentiation of the hypoglycaemic effect of oral antidiabetic
