W2 Questions

Pregunta 1 de 35

1

Biochemistry
Binding of which of the following molecules increases the affinity of hemoglobin for O2?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

BPG (2,3-bisphosphoglycerate)
CO2
O2
H+

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 35

1

Biochemistry
What does oxygen bind to in myoglobin and hemoglobin?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Fe2+ in the heme
Fe3+ in the heme
Proximal histidine
Distal histidine

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 35

1

When should you wash your hands rather than use hand sanitizer?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

After touching a patient.
After taking care of a patient with MRSA.
After taking care of a patient with clostridia difficile or norovirus.
After taking care of a patient with tuberculosis.

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 35

1

What is the auscultatory gap?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

The silent area between the mitral and tricuspid valve areas.
A gap between the 4th and 5th Korotkoff sounds.
A year spent abroad listening to hearts.
A silent gap after the first Korotkoff sounds that may be found in elderly patients, thus giving a falsely low BP reading.

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 35

1

Sickle Cell Workshop
What is the molecular base of sickle cell disease?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Lack of expression of the B-globin gene, resulting in the formation of incorrect hemoglobin tetramers
Point mutation (Glu 6--> Val6) in the B-chain of hemoglobin
Persistent expression of fetal hemoglobin (HbF)
Decreased production of a-hemoglobin chains

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 35

1

Embryology- Gastrulation
A 25-year old woman gives birth to her first child, after having had prenatal ultrasounds that revealed no obvious defects. However,
the attending physician discovers a small protruding mass extending from the coccyx region (tailbone) that is palpable and may
affect normal defecation. However, the infant appears to have normal neuronal function (no paralysis or spasms) and is otherwise
healthy. What is the most likely cause of this abnormality?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Spina Bifida Occulta
gastroschisis
Sacroccygeal teratoma
Neuroenteric Cyst

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 35

1

Embryology: gastrulation
Persistence of which of the following embryonic structures or tissues is MOST likely to give rise to a teratoma on the posterior
surface of the coccyx (tailbone) region?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Lateral plate mesoderm
Primitive streak
Axial mesoderm
Neural tube

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 35

1

Intro to Histology
Which type of tissue is characterized by considerable extracellular space?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Connective tissue
epithelium
muscle
nervous

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 35

1

Intro to Histology
Which type of tissue is characterized by polarized cells with distinct apical and basal surfaces?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

connective tissue
epithelium
muscle
nervous

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 35

1

Intro to Histology
Why is tissue fixation used in histology?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

To attach coverslips to slides
To bind tissues to microscope slides
To preserve tissue structure
To reduce loss of stain over time

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 35

1

Biochemistry
What are enzymes with slightly different molecular structures/sequences but perform identical reactions called?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Holoenzymes
Coenzymes
Apoenzymes
Isoenzymes

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 35

1

Enzymes
A drug that is a reversible noncompetitive inhibitor of an enzyme is more potent than a competitive inhibitor because the drug:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Binds and inhibits the reaction whether or not substrate is bound
Inactivates the enzyme by forming a covalent bond
Is metabolized by the enzyme to a more potent product
Prevents substrate binding

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 35

1

Enzymes
What effect does an uncompetitive inhibitor have on an enzyme?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Increases Km
Increases Vmax
Decreases Vmax and decreases Km
Increases Vmax and increases Km

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 35

1

Enzymes
Many enzymes, membrane transporters, and other proteins can be quickly activated or inactivated by phosphorylation of specific
amino acid residues catalyzed by which of the following?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Kinases
Kinesins
Proteases
Zymogens

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 35

1

Enzymes
Hydrolases are a class of enzyme that catalyze reactions involving which of the following?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Oxidation-reduction
Double bond formation
Splitting a molecule with water
Transfer of functional chemical groups

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 35

1

Epidemiology
In a cross-sectional study the reported mean BMI in a sample of 1,024 fourteen-year-old adolescents was 24.2 with a Standard Deviation of 6.4, and a Standard Error of [(6.4)/(Sqrt 1034)] = 6.4/32 = 0.2. Assuming a symmetric distribution, the range of BMIs that
would capture ~95% of fourteen-year-old adolescents in this population is best described by which of the following?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Mean BMI +/- 2*SD = 24.2 +/- 12.8 = (11.4, 37)
Mean BMI +/- 1*SD = 24.2 +/- 6.4 = (17.8, 30.6)
Mean BMI +/- 1*SE = 24.2 +/- 0.2 = (24.0, 24.4)
Mean BMI +/- 2*SE = 24.2 +/- 0.4 = (23.8, 24.6)

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 35

1

Epidemiology
The table from class that compares V02 max in males and females with different characteristics showed that for males, those with recent vigorous physical activity had a V02 max = 47.1 mL/kg/min and those without recent vigorous physical activity had a V02 max = 44.7, with a p-value < 0.001. The correct interpretation of this p-value would be which of the following?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Males with recent vigorous physical activity have a significantly higher V02 max than those who do not have recent vigorous physical activity.
The comparison of males with and without vigorous physical activity has such a small p-value that we can be certain that the V02 max values are
different.
Males with recent vigorous physical activity have a statistically significantly higher V02 max compared to those without recent vigorous physical
activity.
The probability that the null hypothesis is true is well below 0.05 allowing us to reject the null hypothesis.

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 35

1

Galactosemia
A 5-month old boy presents in your office with hypoglycemia after eating baby fruits such as strained plums. He has a history of
nausea and vomiting, abdominal discomfort and hypoglycemia after consuming fruit juice or baby fruits. The symptoms are
consistent with hereditary fructose intolerance or aldolase B deficiency. Why does this child with aldolase B deficiency develop low
blood glucose after consumption of fructose?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

The accumulation of fructose in the blood stream induces insulin secretion from the pancreas leading to reactive hypoglycemia.
High fructose intake that cannot be converted to ATP because of aldolase B deficiency results in reliance on glucose as an energy substrate with
increased glucose uptake into tissue and oxidation to ATP leading to hypoglycemia.
Upon exposure to fructose there is an accumulation of fructose 1-phosphate that inhibits glycogen phosphorylase and thus reduces glucose
mobilization from glycogen. Rapid formation of fructose-1-phosphate by fructokinase sequesters inorganic phosphate, which impacts gluconeogenesis
an ATP dependent process.
Aldolase B deficiency impairs both fructose and glucose absorption in the intestine which contributes to the hypoglycemia as well as the vomiting
and abdominal discomfort after eating fructose observed with this child.

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 35

1

Galactosemia (Gillingham)
A 5-day-old female infant presents with vomiting, diarrhea, bloating, jaundice and failure to thrive. She was 5 lb 2 oz. at birth with
apgar score of 9 and was discharged to home on DOL 2. Mom has been breastfeeding this infant but she has had increasing
symptoms of feeding intolerance and decreased intake. Upon exam, her lens has an oil drop appearance to them. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Galactokinasedeficiency(GALK)
Galactose 1-phosphate uridyl transferase (GALT) deficiency
Uridyl diphosphate 4-epimerase (GALE) deficiency
Fructose 1,6, biphosphatase deficiency

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 35

1

Gastrulation
Which of the following processes requires the formation of the notochord?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Segmentation of the paraxial mesoderm
Migration of primitive streak-derived cells into the hypoblast layer
Induction of the endocardial heart tubes
Induction of the nervous system

Explicación

Pregunta 21 de 35

1

Glycolysis
For each molecule of glucose, glycolysis results in the net production of which of the following?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

4 ADP
2 inorganic phosphates
2 NADH
1 pyruvate

Explicación

Pregunta 22 de 35

1

Glycolysis
The glycolysis pathway committing step enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK-1) is inhibited by:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

AMP
ADP
ATP
F-2,6-BP

Explicación

Pregunta 23 de 35

1

Histology
Which chemical compounds found in tissues are stained by the PAS (periodic acid Schiff) method?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Sphingolipids
Ceramides
Carbohydrates
Proteins

Explicación

Pregunta 24 de 35

1

Imatinib
The fusion of the BCR (breakpoint cluster region) gene with the N-terminus of Abl kinase results in a BCR-Abl kinase fusion protein.
What change in the kinase caused by the fusion event keeps the enzyme constitutively active?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Decreased KM which allows enzyme to remain active at low substrate concentrations
Increased catalytic efficiency
Loss of a regulatory domain
Overproduction of the fusion protein

Explicación

Pregunta 25 de 35

1

Imatinib (Gleevec) inhibits Abl tyrosine kinase activity by serving as a:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Competitive inhibitor of ATP
Competitive inhibitor of tyrosine
Non-competitive inhibitor of the enzyme
Suicide inhibitor of the enzyme

Explicación

Pregunta 26 de 35

1

Membranes
The lipid bilayer is formed spontaneously because:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

In biological membranes there is a specific ratio of phospholipids and cholesterol.
Lipids with two fatty acyl chains of lipids are too bulky to fit into the interior of a micelle
The presence of protein in biological membranes facilitates bilayer formation.
The acyl chains of lipids are shorter than the acyl chains of detergents.

Explicación

Pregunta 27 de 35

1

Misfolding
Amyloid formation, the hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases, is dictated by which of the following ?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Side chain interactions
Main chain interactions
Hydrophobic interactions
pi-pi interactions

Explicación

Pregunta 28 de 35

1

Misfolding
After exposure to stress such as excessive heat, chaperone proteins function by:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Providing a protective environment in which proteins can fold properly
Degrading proteins that have folded improperly
Providing a template for how the protein should fold
Rescuing proteins that folded incorrectly and allowing them to re-fold into a proper configuration

Explicación

Pregunta 29 de 35

1

Pentose/Gluconeogenesis
Glucagon is a peptide hormone produced by alpha cells of the pancreas and stimulates which of the following?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Dephosphorylation of phosphofructokinase-2/fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase-2 (PFK-2/FBP-2)
Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate synthesis
Gluconeogenesis
Insulin Synthesis

Explicación

Pregunta 30 de 35

1

Pentose/Gluconeogenesis (Farrell)
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in the pentose phosphate pathway results in which of the following?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Increased production of glutathione
Increased susceptibility to malaria
A compulsive need to eat fava beans
Hemolytic anemia

Explicación

Pregunta 31 de 35

1

PyrDH/TCA
Which of the following pathways occurs entirely within the mitochondria?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Glycolysis
Pentose phosphate pathway
Gluconeogenesis
TCA Cycle

Explicación

Pregunta 32 de 35

1

PyrDH/TCA (Farrell)
Pyruvate dehydrogenase activity is inhibited by which of the following?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

A high ADP/ATP ratio
A high acetyl-CoA/CoA ratio
A high NAD+/NADH ratio
High levels of thiamine

Explicación

Pregunta 33 de 35

1

Translation
Please use the attached image to answer the following: After translation initiation, during ongoing protein synthesis, tRNAs carrying an amino acid first bind to the ribosome at which of the sites shown below?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

A site
P site
E Site
Any site that is available

Explicación

Pregunta 34 de 35

1

Translation (Mayinger)
During translation, the peptidyl transferase catalyzes which one of the following reactions?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Transfer of a phosphate group
Amino acid activation
Peptide bond formation between adjacent amino acids
Binding of ribosome subunits to mRNA

Explicación

Pregunta 35 de 35

1

Epidemiology
The Iowa Women's Health cohort study examined the relationship between cigarette smoking and the risk (incidence) of different
histological types of lung cancer. For adenocarcinoma, it estimated the annual incidence to be 46/100,000 in light smokers (1-
19/day) with (95% CI: 31, 61). The correct interpretation for this Confidence Interval would be:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

We're 95% confident that the true annual Incidence in these women is between 31/100,000 and 61/100,000 per-year).
We're 95% confident that the observed annual Incidence is between 31/100,000 and 61/100,000.
The probability is 0.95 (95%) that the true annual Incidence in this population is between 31/100,000 and 61/100,000.
Because this CI does not include the null value or 1.0, this finding is statistically significant.

	Creado por Madi Egan hace casi 6 años

Test sobre W2 Questions, creado por Madi Egan el 11/10/2018.

W2 Questions

W2 Questions

Pregunta 1 de 35

Biochemistry Binding of which of the following molecules increases the affinity of hemoglobin for O2?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 35

Biochemistry What does oxygen bind to in myoglobin and hemoglobin?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 35

When should you wash your hands rather than use hand sanitizer?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 35

What is the auscultatory gap?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 35

Sickle Cell Workshop What is the molecular base of sickle cell disease?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 35

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 35

Embryology: gastrulation Persistence of which of the following embryonic structures or tissues is MOST likely to give rise to a teratoma on the posterior surface of the coccyx (tailbone) region?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 35

Intro to Histology Which type of tissue is characterized by considerable extracellular space?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 35

Intro to Histology Which type of tissue is characterized by polarized cells with distinct apical and basal surfaces?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 35

Intro to Histology Why is tissue fixation used in histology?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 35

Biochemistry What are enzymes with slightly different molecular structures/sequences but perform identical reactions called?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 35

Enzymes A drug that is a reversible noncompetitive inhibitor of an enzyme is more potent than a competitive inhibitor because the drug:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 35

Enzymes What effect does an uncompetitive inhibitor have on an enzyme?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 35

Enzymes Many enzymes, membrane transporters, and other proteins can be quickly activated or inactivated by phosphorylation of specific amino acid residues catalyzed by which of the following?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 35

Enzymes Hydrolases are a class of enzyme that catalyze reactions involving which of the following?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 35

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 35

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 35

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 35

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 35

Gastrulation Which of the following processes requires the formation of the notochord?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 21 de 35

Glycolysis For each molecule of glucose, glycolysis results in the net production of which of the following?

Biochemistry
Binding of which of the following molecules increases the affinity of hemoglobin for O2?

Biochemistry
What does oxygen bind to in myoglobin and hemoglobin?

Sickle Cell Workshop
What is the molecular base of sickle cell disease?

Embryology: gastrulation
Persistence of which of the following embryonic structures or tissues is MOST likely to give rise to a teratoma on the posterior
surface of the coccyx (tailbone) region?

Intro to Histology
Which type of tissue is characterized by considerable extracellular space?

Intro to Histology
Which type of tissue is characterized by polarized cells with distinct apical and basal surfaces?

Intro to Histology
Why is tissue fixation used in histology?

Biochemistry
What are enzymes with slightly different molecular structures/sequences but perform identical reactions called?

Enzymes
A drug that is a reversible noncompetitive inhibitor of an enzyme is more potent than a competitive inhibitor because the drug:

Enzymes
What effect does an uncompetitive inhibitor have on an enzyme?

Enzymes
Many enzymes, membrane transporters, and other proteins can be quickly activated or inactivated by phosphorylation of specific
amino acid residues catalyzed by which of the following?

Enzymes
Hydrolases are a class of enzyme that catalyze reactions involving which of the following?

Gastrulation
Which of the following processes requires the formation of the notochord?

Glycolysis
For each molecule of glucose, glycolysis results in the net production of which of the following?

Glycolysis
The glycolysis pathway committing step enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK-1) is inhibited by:

Histology
Which chemical compounds found in tissues are stained by the PAS (periodic acid Schiff) method?

Imatinib
The fusion of the BCR (breakpoint cluster region) gene with the N-terminus of Abl kinase results in a BCR-Abl kinase fusion protein.
What change in the kinase caused by the fusion event keeps the enzyme constitutively active?

Membranes
The lipid bilayer is formed spontaneously because:

Misfolding
Amyloid formation, the hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases, is dictated by which of the following ?

Misfolding
After exposure to stress such as excessive heat, chaperone proteins function by:

Pentose/Gluconeogenesis
Glucagon is a peptide hormone produced by alpha cells of the pancreas and stimulates which of the following?

Pentose/Gluconeogenesis (Farrell)
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in the pentose phosphate pathway results in which of the following?

PyrDH/TCA
Which of the following pathways occurs entirely within the mitochondria?

PyrDH/TCA (Farrell)
Pyruvate dehydrogenase activity is inhibited by which of the following?

Translation
Please use the attached image to answer the following: After translation initiation, during ongoing protein synthesis, tRNAs carrying an amino acid first bind to the ribosome at which of the sites shown below?

Translation (Mayinger)
During translation, the peptidyl transferase catalyzes which one of the following reactions?