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Test sobre W4 Questions, creado por Madi Egan el 12/10/2018.

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W4 Questions

Pregunta 1 de 30

1

Epidemiology
The videoconferencing of a rural primary care physician and an OHSU specialist is best described as:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Data analytics

  • Clinical and translational research

  • Precision medicine

  • Telemedicine

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 30

1

Epidemiology
HIPAA allows for limited use of patient information for treatment, payment, and operations (TPO) without explicit consent. In which of the following situations is sharing of patient data NOT permitted?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Consulting with another physician involved in patient care

  • Clinical research approved by an institutional review board (IRB) protocol and patient consent

  • Use of diagnosis codes for billing Medicare

  • Using patient diagnosis to market supplies to patients with diabetes

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 30

1

Anatomy
A 36-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of a deep knife wound on the medial side of his distal forearm.
He is unable to hold a piece of paper between his fingers and has sensory loss on the medial side of his hand and little finger. Which nerve is most likely injured?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Median

  • Musculocutaneous

  • Radial

  • Ulnar

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 30

1

Embryology
A recent case study reported on twins experiencing congenital chest pains. Echocardiographic imaging reveals that the infants each had a defect that permitted the herniation (abnormal passage) of the left auricle of the heart into the left pleural cavity. Which of the following defects might allow a portion of the heart to move abnormally into the space normally occupied by the lungs?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Failure of the dorsal mesocardium to break down

  • Failure of the epicardium to cover the heart

  • Failure of one of the pleuroperitoneal membranes to form

  • Failure of one of the pleuropericardial membranes to form

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 30

1

Embryology (Copenhaver)
Once the lesser omentum has formed, it will extend between which two structures?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The gut and the dorsal body wall

  • The gut and the ventral body wall

  • The gut and the liver

  • The diaphragm and the pleuroperitoneal membranes

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 30

1

Histology Blood
Leukocytes are characterized by their nuclear morphology. Monocytes have variable nuclear shapes and are classified as which of the following?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Band cells

  • Mono(morpho)nuclear cells

  • Polymorphonuclear cells

  • Segmented nuclear cells

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 30

1

Formation of body cavities
Which component of the embryonic lung will be formed by the somatic mesoderm from the lateral plate region?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The parietal linings of the pleural cavities

  • The visceral linings of the pleural cavities

  • The muscle and connective tissue of the lungs

  • The mediastinum

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 30

1

Anatomy: limbs
17-year-old football player presents to the emergency department with extreme pain in his leg after a particularly brutal tackle during a game. The attending physician determines that he is suffering from compartment syndrome compression of the muscles and neurovascular structures due to bleeding and swelling in the leg. The patient is transferred immediately to the OR. To preserve the integrity of the muscles and neurovascular structures, which of the following structures should be cut to release the pressure?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Lateral intermuscular septum

  • Fascia lata

  • Crural fascia

  • Interosseous membrane

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 30

1

Histology: Blood, connective tissue, adipose
Major Basic Protein is associated with killing of helminthic (parasitic) worms. What type of cell produces and secretes Major Basic Protein?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Basophil

  • Eosinophil

  • Neutrophil

  • Plasma cell

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 30

1

Histology: Blood, connective tissue, adipose
During congestive heart failure, the liver may not get sufficient oxygenated blood to meet its metabolic needs. A pathologist can detect this problem by inspection of a liver biopsy and noting the pattern of dying hepatocytes. Based on your knowledge of normal histology, where would you expect the pathologist to see the most pathologic changes in these cells?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Close to the central vein

  • Close to the portal tract

  • Halfway between the portal tract and the central vein

  • Uniformly along the sinusoids

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 30

1

Histology: Blood, connective tissue, adipose
The primary function of multilocular adipocytes is which of the following?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Thermal insulation

  • Heat production

  • Cushioning

  • Glucose regulation

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 30

1

Limbs (Nelsen)
A 42-year-old painter visits the orthopedics clinic complaining of weakness of her upper limb. Physical examination suggests
involvement of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. Which action would be affected?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Wrist flexion

  • Finger flexion

  • Elbow extension

  • Pronation

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 30

1

CAD (Wojcik)
To detect subclinical coronary artery disease, which of the following methods is commonly used?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Coronary calcium scoring

  • Nuclear stress test

  • Treadmill EKG test

  • Serial measurements of troponin levels

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 30

1

CAD (Wojcik)
Regardless of intervention used, a decrease in LDL-C levels by 1 mmol/L (38.7 mg/dL) can reduce the relative risk of a major
cardiovascular event by which of the following percentages?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • 4%

  • 16%

  • 23%

  • 50%

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 30

1

GWAS (Spellman)
Imagine that 10,000 generations ago a new mutation was generated that can cause tall stature and green skin. The mutation has passed through the population but is very rare and not fully penetrant. You are interested in identifying this mutation and seek to use the property of linkage disequilibrium to find it. The most effective strategy to find this variant would be which of the following?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Use a GWAS

  • Collect families with stall stature and green skin to sequence their genomes looking for mutations.

  • Take a candidate gene approach sequencing the genes involved in pigmentation and stature.

  • Look for SNPs that are associated with one another because that is the principle of linkage disequilibrium.

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 30

1

GWAS (Spellman)
In a condition such as colon cancer, the risk will be least for which of the following relatives of an affected individual?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Sister

  • Cousin

  • Aunt

  • Grandmother

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 30

1

Intercellular Junctions (Musil)
Which of the following substances is excluded from all gap junction channels?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Messenger RNA

  • Na+ ions

  • The second messenger signaling molecule IP3

  • The amino acid alanine

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 30

1

Intercellular Junctions (Musil)
If the lateral plasma membranes of a confluent monolayer of epithelial cells were completely fused to each other, what would
happen to the transepithelial resistance (TER)?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Decrease

  • Increase

  • Wouldn't change

  • It would depend on what claudins are expressed in the tight junction.

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 30

1

Intercellular Junctions (Musil)
The adhesive function of the classical cadherin E-cadherin is directly regulated by which of the following?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Binding to N-cadherin

  • Binding to intermediate filaments

  • Binding to calcium

  • Binding to desmoplakin

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 30

1

Lipoproteins (Wojcik)
Which lipoprotein fraction is called atherogenic cholesterol?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Chylomicron particles

  • HDL particles

  • All ApoB containing particles

  • All ApoA1 containing particles

Explicación

Pregunta 21 de 30

1

Lipoproteins (Wojcik)
Henry is a 56 year-old male with well-controlled hypertension who comes to the office for an annual visit. His physical exam is completely normal. As part of the routine labs, you obtain a fasting lipid panel. The results are reported as follows: Total
Cholesterol - 174 Triglycerides 97 HDL-cholesterol 60 LDL-cholesterol -95 In this case, which one of the values is calculated rather than measured directly?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Total cholesterol

  • Triglycerides

  • HDL cholesterol

  • LDL cholesterol

Explicación

Pregunta 22 de 30

1

Mevalonate (Duell)
Which of the following genes is most frequently mutated in familial hypercholesterolemia?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • ApoB

  • LDL-R

  • LDL-RAP1

  • PCSK9

Explicación

Pregunta 23 de 30

1

Mevalonate (Duell)
Cholesterol is a substrate for which of the following?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Deoxyribonucleic acid modifications

  • Fatty acid elongation

  • Glycoprotein production

  • Testosterone synthesis

Explicación

Pregunta 24 de 30

1

Mevalonate (Duell)
Sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) is involved in which of the following functions?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • ATP generation in muscle

  • Cholesterol sensing in the liver

  • Energy production in the liver

  • Fatty acid oxidation in muscle

Explicación

Pregunta 25 de 30

1

Mevalonate (Duell)
The rate limiting enzyme for cholesterol synthesis is which of the following?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • 17-alpha sterol hydroxylase

  • CMP reductase

  • HMG CoA reductase

  • Sterol decarboxylase

Explicación

Pregunta 26 de 30

1

Sorting (Mayinger)
Using genetic engineering techniques, you have created a protein that contains two conflicting sorting sequences that specify different compartments: A cleavable N-terminal signal sequence for mitochondrial targeting and a C-terminal KDEL peptide that mediates retrieval to the ER via KDEL receptor and COP-I vesicular traffic. Where would this protein most likely end up?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • In the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum

  • Secreted outside of the cell

  • In the cytosol

  • In the mitochondrial matrix

Explicación

Pregunta 27 de 30

1

Sorting (Mayinger)
What is the role of the nuclear localization sequence in a nuclear protein?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • It is a hydrophobic sequence that enables the protein to diffuse across the nuclear membranes.

  • It aids protein unfolding in order for the protein to thread through nuclear pores.

  • It binds to cytoplasmic import receptors that direct the nuclear protein to the nuclear pore.

  • It prevents the protein diffusing out of the nucleus via nuclear pores.

Explicación

Pregunta 28 de 30

1

Nutrition (Stadler)
Preconception folic acid supplementation is recommended to decreases the risk in offspring of which of the following conditions?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Night blindness

  • Neural tube defects

  • Cretinism

  • Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn

Explicación

Pregunta 29 de 30

1

Vitamins (Stadler)
Vitamin C is an essential water soluble vitamin required for:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Muscle synthesis and antioxidant defense preventing lipid peroxidation

  • Collagen synthesis and maintaining blood Ca++ homeostasis

  • Collagen synthesis and antioxidant defense mechanisms

  • Muscle synthesis and as a cofactor for the normal clotting cascade

Explicación

Pregunta 30 de 30

1

Sorting (Mayinger)
After isolating the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) from the rest of the cytoplasm, you purify the mRNAs attached to ER-bound ribosomes. Which of the following would be among the proteins these mRNAs encode?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Cytosolic enzymes

  • Transcription factors

  • Mitochondrial proteins

  • Lysosomal hydrolases

Explicación

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