Point out the cholinergic neurons
preganglionic sympathetic
postganglionic sympathetic
preganglionic parasympathetic
postganglionic parasympathetic
Muscarinic cholinergic receptors are located in:
skeletal muscles
bronchial smooth muscles
heart
smooth muscles of GIT
Nicotinic cholinergic receptors are located in:
autonomic ganglia
adrenal gland medulla
heart muscle
Pharmacological effects of Acetylcholine are:
bradycardia
tachycardia
increased digestive (abundant saliva), bronchial, cutaneous, (sweat) and lacrimal secretions
increased tone and peristaltic contractions of GIT
M-receptor agonist used for treatment of glaucoma is:
Atropini sulfas
Pilocarpini hydrochloridum
Neostigmini methylsulfas
Galantamini bromidum
What are the effects of Pilocarpine after eye application?
mydriasis
miosis
increases the intraocular pressure
decreases the intraocular pressure
Clinical indications for prescribing N-receptor agonists are:
smoking cessation
atherosclerosis
premedication in anesthesia
muscle relaxation
Acetylcholine esterase inhibitors (anticholinesterases) are:
lpratropii bromidum
Galantamine bromidum
Neostigmine methylsulfas
Pyridostigmine bromidum
Indications for the clinical use of anticholinesterases are:
paralytic ileus
atropine intoxication
spastic bronchitis
as antidote of tubocurarine
Anticholinesterases are contraindicated in:
bronchial asthma
epilepsy
Point out the major features of the irreversible acetylcholine-esterase inhibitors:
They are organophosphate agents
Cause long-lasting elevation of acetylcholine levels
Their effect is antagonized by cholinolytic agents
Obidoxime is their specific antagonist
Symptoms of organophosphate intoxication can be treated with:
Acetylcholine
Atropine sulphas
Reactivators of acetylcholine esterase enzyme
Inhibitors of acetylcholine esterase
Antimuscarinic receptor antagonists are:
Butylscopolamine
Atracurium besilas
Ipratropium bromidum
Synthetic antimuscarinic drugs are:
Tiotropium bromidum
Pharmacological effects of antimuscarinic drugs are:
intestinal smooth muscle relaxation
decrease the secretion of exocrine glands
Clinical indications for prescribing antimuscarinic drugs are:
spasm of the smooth muscles of GlT
to elicit papillary dilation
glaucoma
Adverse drug reactions of Atropine are:
dry mouth
difficulties in seeing close objects
disorientation and hallucinations
Symptoms of intoxication with antimuscarinic agents are treated with:
Obidoxime
Anticholinesterases
Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers paralyse the skeletal muscles in the following order:
head and neck, limbs, trunk, diaphragm and intercostal muscles
limbs, trunk, diaphragm and intercostal muscles, head and neck
diaphragm and intercostal muscles, head and neck, limbs
trunk, diaphragm and intercostal muscles, head and neck, limbs
Which of the following drugs are non-depolarising muscle blockers?
Pancuronium bromidum
Suxamethonium chloridum
Tubocurarine hydrochloridum
Adverse drug reactions of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants are:
histamine release
hypotension
hypertension
allergic reaction
Drug interactions can occur in concomitant use Of peripheral-acting muscle relaxants and:
aminoglycoside antibiotics
calcium antagonists
halogen anaesthetics
cardiac glycosides
Which of the following drugs will antagonise the effect of the non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers?
MAO inhibitors
Antimuscarinic agents
Aminoglycoside antibiotics
What are the main features of Suxamethonium chioridum:
short-lasting effect
has no antagonist
anticholinesterases prolong its effect
oral administration
Adverse drug reactions of depolarizing muscle relaxants are-
tremor
arrhythmia
allergic reactions
prolonged neuromuscular blockade in people with plasma cholinesterase deficiency
Indications for treatment with central muscle relaxants are-
spasms of the skeletal muscles as a result of CNS damage
multiple sclerosis
surgery interventions
myasthenia gravis
Which of drugs are central acting muscle relaxants?
Tetrazepam
Tolperison
Bromocriptine
Baclofen
