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Bacterial Pathogens

Pregunta 1 de 19

1

Which are correct regarding Bacillus anthracis?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Spore-forming

  • Gram-Negative

  • Gram-Positive

  • Can encode a capsule

  • Is not typically transmitted via respiratory tract

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 19

1

Which enzyme allows Yersinia pestis to survive in the midgut of the flea?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • phospholipase D

  • phosphokinase

  • adenylate cyclase

  • protease

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 19

1

There is currently research being done to make an anthrax vaccine. A current candidate for a vaccine is LF (lethal factor) mutant E687C, which induces anti-LF antibody formation but lacks LF enzymatic activity. If a patient was given the E687C mutant as a vaccine but then was exposed to wildtype Bacillus anthracis, what would happen?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The patient would get an intense anthrax infection. The mutant and wildtype LF would both contribute to pathogenesis causing lethal vascular collapse in the heart.

  • The patient would get a normal anthrax infection. The vaccine doesn’t have the same protein structure as wildtype LF so it wouldn’t be effective against wildtype B. anthracis.

  • The patient would not get an anthrax infection. The vaccine would cause the immune system to recognize B. anthracis and activate an immune response

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 19

1

Which bacterium does not survive within the host by disabling or killing phagocytic cells?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Yersinia pestis

  • Bacillus anthracis

  • Treponema pallidum

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 19

1

You are a doctor and have several patients come into your clinic. They have various symptoms: some have skin infections and lesions, some have necrosis of intestines, and some have lung infections. You aren’t concerned because the symptoms don’t seem connected. However, your clinical microbiologist fears an outbreak in your city. What microbe did the clinical microbiologist identify causing infection in all 3 of your patients?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Yersinia pestis

  • Salmonella typhimurium

  • Bordetella pertussis

  • Bacillus anthracis

  • Shigella flexneri

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 19

1

What are the major virulence factors of Bacillus anthracis?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • the anthrax toxins

  • an antiphagocytic polyglutamic capsule

  • Yop

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 19

1

How do the three anthrax toxins participate in pathogenesis?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • They alter cell signaling pathways in the host to interfere with innate immune responses in early stages of infection and to induce vascular collapse at late stages

  • They migrate to the regional lymph nodes, are phagocytosed by polymorphonuclear and mononuclear phagocytes, and multiply intracellularly.

  • They silence the pro-inflammatory cytokine response and cause apoptotic death of the infected macrophages

  • They penetrate intact mucous membranes or microscopic dermal abrasions and, within a few hours, enter the lymphatics and blood to produce systemic infection

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 19

1

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

binds to cellular receptors to translocate and into cells.

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 19

1

What activates the virulence factors in Bacillus anthracis?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • increase in bicarbonate

  • activation of AtxA

  • change in temperature

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 19

1

: , , causes anthrax
: , , rod shape,
: gram-negative, ,

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

    Bacillus anthracis
    Yersinia pestis
    Treponema pallidum
    gram-negative
    gram-positive
    spore-forming
    non-sporulating
    spirochete
    causes the plague
    causes syphilis

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 19

1

Selecciona la opción correcta de los menús desplegables para completar el texto.

Fill in the blanks for the stages of syphilis.

( Latent:, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary ) no signs, but still infected
( Secondary, Primary, Latent, Acute, Tertiary ): skin rashes, mucous membrane lesions, fever, sore throat, headaches, muscle aches, etc. (“The Great Imposter”)
( Tertiary (years later), Quaternary (years later), Latent (years later), Dormant (years later) ): damage to internal organs (heart, eyes, brain)
( Primary, Secondary, Acute, Latent ): sores at site of infection

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 19

1

Yersinia pestis rapidly penetrates intact mucous membranes or microscopic dermal abrasions and, within a few hours, enters the lymphatics and blood to produce systemic infection

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 19

1

evades the immune system via antigenic variation of a surface-exposed protein
On contact with host macrophages, injects resulting in the silencing of the pro-inflammatory cytokine response and in apoptotic death of the infected macrophages
In , binds to cellular receptors to translocate and into cells. The toxins alter cell signaling pathways in the host to interfere with innate immune responses in early stages of infection and to induce vascular collapse at late stages.

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

    T. pallidum
    TprK,
    Yersinia pestis
    Yops
    Bacillus anthracis
    protective antigen
    lethal factor
    edema factor

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 19

1

Which transmission routes are possible for Bacillus anthracis?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Respiratory tract

  • Direct contact

  • Mother to fetus

  • Ingestion

  • a, b, and d

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 19

1

What are the possible transmission routes for Yersinia pestis?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Inhalation

  • Ingestion

  • Blood

  • Lesions

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 19

1

Which of the following methods of contact would result in transmission of syphilis?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Sexual contact with infectious lesions

  • Mother to fetus in utero

  • Blood product transfusion

  • Physical touch with unbroken skin of infected person

  • Infected person coughs near uninfected person

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 19

1

What is the secretion system of Yersinia pestis?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Type I

  • Type II

  • Type III

  • Type IV

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 19

1

Which of the following pathogens does not have endotoxin?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Bacillus anthracis

  • Yersinia pestis

  • Salmonella typhimurium

  • All of the above

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 19

1

Yersiniz pestis , ,
Bacillus anthracis , , skin infection
Treponema pallidum , sores on hands, ,

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

    lesions
    skin infection
    lung infection
    necrosis of intestines
    lung damage
    inflamed arteries
    fever
    headache

Explicación

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