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Medicine Opthamology Test sobre Opthamology Test 2- 4th Year- PMU, creado por Med Student el 15/11/2018.

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Opthamology Test 2- 4th Year- PMU

Pregunta 1 de 27

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A 60-year-old patient with myopia gives you VA of 1,0 for the left and right eye, using correction for glasses of -5,0 dpt. What correction would you prescribe for the same patient for 0,33 meters working distance?
Answer:

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 27

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A 22-year-old medical student has been reading for the ophthalmology exam 9 hours a day in 6 consecutive days. The last night before the exam he starts having complaints of blurred vision for far distance. In this case, what is the most likely diagnosis, having in mind that he hasn't ever had eye complaints until this moment?
Answer:

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 27

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After the patient's lens has been removed, which of the folloWing functions of the eye would stop working?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Accomodation

  • Colour vision

  • Normal pupil reactions

  • Light perception

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 27

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What do you examine with the ,,illumination” method?
Answer:

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 27

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Direct ophthalmoscopy is a method for examining the:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • eye fundus

  • intraocular pressure

  • corneal sensitivity

  • a disorder of the adaptation for dark

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 27

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Do you need a convex lens to perform direct ophthalmoscopy?

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 27

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Normal intraocular pressure ranges from 10-21 mm Hg. What is the method for investigation of the IOP called?
Answer-

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 27

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Using the biomicroscope and a +78 dpt lens if needed, the ophthalmologist would be able to see following structures of the eye:

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • palpebral conjunctiva

  • bulbar conjunctiva

  • cornea

  • pupil

  • optic nerve head

  • iris

  • vitreous body

  • retina

  • lens

  • ciliary ganglion

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 27

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In a myopic eye the light beam focuses:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Before the retina

  • On the retina

  • Behind the retina

  • It depends on the degree of the myopia

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 27

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In case of cones dysfunction it is expected that that patient would have problems with:

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • adaptation to light

  • adaptation to dark

  • light perception

  • colour vision

  • central vision

  • peripheric vision

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 27

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After passing through a +4,0 dpt sph convex lens, the light waves will converge and finally focus on a distance of meters after the lens

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 27

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Find Answer
Using Donders' formula, calculate the native VA of a patient who cannot count the number of fingers the examiner is holding up from further than 50cm away.
:

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 27

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Name the structures of the eye which lead to convergence of the passing light waves which should finally focus on the retina.
Ans: and
Which one of them most often has abnormal structure in case of astigmatism?
Ans:

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 27

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How many dpt is expected to be the power of accommodation of a 90-year-old person?
Answer:

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 27

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A 70-year-old woman with a cataract at incipient stage is able to read books and newspapers(from a distance of 35 cm) without any problems. If you examine her using Snellen's chart, which native VA should she not be able to gain? (More than 1 correct answer is possible)

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • 0.1

  • 1.0

  • 1.5

  • 2.0

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 27

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Patient with high hyperopia uses +5.0 dpt spectacles. What should be the right correction, prescribed for contact lenses for the same patient? Explain why.

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • +5 dpt

  • less than +5.0 dpt

  • more than +5.0 dpt

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 27

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There are 2 types of neuroreceptor cells in the retina, and they are responsible for the transformation of light energy into nerve impulse. The visual pigments play a main role in this process. These pigments are for the rod cells and for the cones.

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 27

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The normal human eye is able to distinguish the 3 primary colours. Such a condition is called
If the eye has perception for the 3 primary colours but in weaker extent or if the eye makes mistakes with thes 3 colours (under certain conditions, we say that such a patient has a condition called , which condition is divided into:
1. - when making mistakes with colour
2. - when making mistakes with colour
3. - when making mistakes with colour

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 27

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Arrange the different types of beams in the cells according to their wavelength:
1. ( y (gamma) rays, X-ray, UV light, Visible light, Infrared Rays, Radio waves, Alternative Current )
2. ( X-rays, UV light, Visible light, Infrared rays, Radio waves, Alternating current, Gamma Rays )
3. ( UV light, Gamma rays, X-rays, Visible light, Infrared rays, Radio waves, Alternating Current )
4. ( Visible light, Gamma rays, X-rays, UV light, Infrared rays, Radio waves, Alternating current )
5. ( Infrared rays, Gamma rays, X-rays, UV light, Visisble light, Radio waves, Alternating current )
6. ( Radio waves, Alternating current, Gamma rays, X-rays, UV light, Visible light, Infrared rays )
7. ( Alternative current, Gamma rays, X-rays, UV light, Visible light, Infrared rays, Radio waves )

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 27

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S. F. is medical student and she prepares herself regularly for the ophthalmology practicles. A friend of hers has called her and told her that he has suffered head trauma a day ago. Few hours later he has started having complaints of ”double vision" when looking downwards. Looking in the other directions - he hasn’t had complaints. She has made the right diagnosis immediately
because she is aware of anatomy and physiology of the eye. If you are aware of them, make the right diagnosis and explain why have you chosen this diagnosis and why the other 5 diagnosis are not possible.
(For the answers which contain name of extraocular muscles - circle the number of the cranial nerve which is responsible for the innervation of the certain muscle)
1) dysfunction of m. rectus lat. due to paresis/palsy of ( VI, III, IV, V, VII ) CN -> ( No, Yes ) because it innervates the Lateral Rectus
2) partial atrophy of superior 1/2 of the optic nerve -> ( No, Yes ) because you'd expect blindness
3) partial atrophy of inferior 1/2 of the optic nerve -> ( No, Yes ), because you'd expect some blindness
4) dysfunction of m. rectus inf. due to paresis/palsy of ( III, IV, V, VI, VII ) CN -> ( No, Yes ) because it innervates the inferior rectus
5) dysfunction of m. obliquus sup. due to paresis/palsy of ( IV, III, V, VI, VII ) CN -> ( Yes, No ) because it only innervates this muscle
6) dysfunction of‘rm. obliquus inf due to paresis/palsy ( III, IV, V, VI, VII ) CN -> ( No, Yes ) because you'd expect other muscles the III CN to be affected as well

Explicación

Pregunta 21 de 27

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Knowing the six extraocular muscles for each eye, write down which muscle is able to perform the following movements of the eyeball (in case of normal motility):
Elevation, internal rotation and adduction - m. rectus
Elevation, external rotation and abduction - m. oblique
Depression, external rotation and adduction - m. rectus
Depression, internal rotation and abduction - m. oblique

Explicación

Pregunta 22 de 27

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The cornea is part of the ( outer, middle, inner ) coat of the eye. The normal cornea is transparent:
1) in its superior 2/3
2) in its inferior 2/3
3) in its central 1/3
4) in its entire surface
Ans: ( 4, 3, 2, 1 )
Cornea and lens have characteristics of a convex lens.
In a emetropic eye, the refractive power of the cornea is:
1) more than the lens' one
2) less than the lens' one
3) the same as the lens’ one
4) depending on the act of accommodation
Ans: ( 1, 2, 3, 4 )

Explicación

Pregunta 23 de 27

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The lens is part of the ( anterior, posterior ) segment of the eye.
The lens consist mostly of:
1) Proteins
2) Carbohydrates
3) Lipids
4) Vitamins
Ans: ( 1, 2, 3, 4 )
The lens:
1) has both innervation and blood supply
2) has blood supply but doesn’t have innervation
3) has innervation but doesn’t have blood supply
4) has neither innervation nor blood supply
Ans: ( 4, 3, 2, 1 )

Explicación

Pregunta 24 de 27

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The retina is part of the ( inner, outer, middle ) coat of the eye.
Normally the retina:
1) has grayish-white colour
2) has brown colour
3) has orange colour
4) is transparent and doesn’t have colour
Ans: ( 4, 3, 2, 1 )

Explicación

Pregunta 25 de 27

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Write down the neurons of the visual pathway which are entirely or partially situated in the retina:
1)
2) neurons
3) cells
4) nerve
5) body

Explicación

Pregunta 26 de 27

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Using numbers or arrows, connect the two columns which show the different types of astigmatism and their characteristics:

1. straight
2. reverse (opposite)
3. oblique
4. simple
5. compound
6. mixed
7. regular
8. irregular

one of the principal meridians is emmetropic while the other is ametropic ( 4, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 )
principal meridians are 90° and 180° and the 90° meridian refracts stronger ( 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 )
principal meridians are 90° and 180° and the 180° meridian refracts stronger ( 2, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 )
the two principal meridians are ametropic but they are either both (+) or both (-) ( 5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8 )
the two principal meridians are ametropic and one of them is (+) while the other is (-) ( 6, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 )
principal meridians are not 90° and 180° (for example 75° and 165°) ( 3, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 )
principal meridians are perpendicular ( 7, 8, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 )
principal meridians are not perpendicular ( 8, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 )

Explicación

Pregunta 27 de 27

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The following 7 (number) bones take part in the formation of the orbital walls:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)

Explicación

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