Somatosensory System

Pregunta 1 de 48

1

❌ is the transduction of ❌ energy into neuronal activity patterns. It ❌ processes.

❌ results in a conscious ❌ of stimulus properties after cognitive processing in the brain.

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percept

Perception

Sensory Transduction

physical

electrical

chemical

may involve active

only involves passive

only involves active

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 48

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The type of stimulus that requires least energy to procure a sensation is called the of a sensory receptor.

The somatosensory system converts m, t and p stimuli.

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 48

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Sensory receptors and sensory neurons must encode four types of information about a stimulus:

- M
- L
- I
- D

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 48

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According to the modality is encoded by a discrete pathway from the sensory cell to a modality specific integrating center in the brain.
Exceptions are receptors.

Location can also be encoded in this way or by projections and maps within the brain.

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 48

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The field is the region of the surface that causes a response when stimulated.
In the somatosensory system receptive fields are regions of the or of internal .

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 48

1

Leads to improved stimulus loclization:
- ❌
- ❌

Leads to worse stimulus localization:
- ❌

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Increased sensor density

Lateral inhibition

Bigger receptive field

Polymodality of sensory neurons

A bigger surround of the receptive field

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 48

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The dynamic range of a neuron is bounded by its
(a) of detection
(b)

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 48

1

A large dynamic range means ❌ sensory discrimination and a ❌ onset detection.

A narrow dynamic range means ❌ sensory discrimination and a ❌ onset detection.

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poor

high

weak

good

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 48

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The trade-off between dynamic range and discrimination of stimuli can be improved by

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 48

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Phasic and tonic receptors.

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 48

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Do phasic or tonic receptors adapt to a maintained stimulus?

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Tonic receptors

Phasic receptors

Both

Neither

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 48

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Mechanoreceptors sense physical deformation of . In mammals these are of sensory neurons.

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 48

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Proprioceptors sense ( internal, external, internal and external ) mechanical signals.

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 48

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Different types of mechanoreceptors

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 48

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What kind of receptors?

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Slowly adapting receptor

Rapidly adapting receptor

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 48

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Different kind of mechanoreceptors

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Meissner corpuscle

Merkel cell

Pacinian corpuscle

Ruffini ending

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 48

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The receptive field of mechanoreceptors are ❌ for deep layers (Ruffini ending, Pacinian corpuscle).

They are ❌ for superficial layers (Merkel cell, Meissner corpuscle).

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fuzzier

very precise

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 48

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Different proprioceptors:

The provides information about changes in muscle length.
The provides information about changes in muscle tension.

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 48

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Feedback inhibition makes a signal more ( phasic, tonic ).

Together with lateral inhibition it leads to ( more contrast but also fake contrast, more contrast, less contrast, less contrast but also less fake contras ).

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 48

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The two point limen is a measure of the .

It is determined by the density of and the mechanism (e.g. inhibition).

Explicación

Pregunta 21 de 48

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Neurons can be sensitive to the of an object and its of movement.
In the latter case multiple receptors are needed.

Explicación

Pregunta 22 de 48

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The cell bodies of sensory neurons known as first-order neurons are located in the .

Explicación

Pregunta 23 de 48

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A_alpha fibers are ❌ and myelinated. They have a higher conduction velocity than A_delta fibers which are ❌ and ❌.

C fibers are ❌ and thin. Their conduction velocity is very ❌ and they are responsible for the encoding of strong pain.

C fibers have a ❌ activation threshold than A fibers.

A fibers: ❌ touch, vibration
C fibers: pain, ❌

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thick

thin

not myelinated

myelinated

low

higher

high

pressure

temperature

Explicación

Pregunta 24 de 48

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The pathway for pain crosses to the contralateral site ( directly in the spinal cord, in the cortex, in the thalamus ).

The receptive fields of these sensory neurons is ( very fuzzy, very percise, variable ).

There is a simple reflex path to motor neurons which goes from the sensory neurons through the ( dorsal, ventral, medial, lateral ) root (( afferent, efferent )) and via the ( ventral, dorsal, lateral, medial ) root (( efferent, afferent )) to the motor neuron.

Explicación

Pregunta 25 de 48

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The pathway for touch, proprioception, vibration is called pathway.

The pathway for pain, temperature is called tract.

Explicación

Pregunta 26 de 48

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The topographic projection of the whisker pad is maintained throughout all processing stages:

- nuclei
- nuclei
- Primary

Explicación

Pregunta 27 de 48

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In the ( thalamus, brain stem, primary somatosensory cortex ) there are topographic AND non-topographic projections of the whisker field.

Explicación

Pregunta 28 de 48

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In the vibrissal pathway there is a ( non-topographic, topographic ) ( inhibition, excitation ) from the ( cortex, thalamus ) to the ( thalamus, brain stem ).
This leads to an unspecific wake-up call upon the first stimulus and very specific interpretation afterwards.

Explicación

Pregunta 29 de 48

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Each whisker is represented by a barrel-like structure in the nucleus of the brain stem.

Explicación

Pregunta 30 de 48

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What are the thalamic relay nuclei of the somatosensory system?
- nucleus (VPM)
- nucleus (VPL)
- complex (PoM)

Explicación

Pregunta 31 de 48

1

In area 3b columns of the postcentral gyrus rapidly adapting receptors of the skin surface (Meissner corpuscle) are located next to

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slowly adapting receptors of the skin surface (Merkel cells)
rapidly adapting receptors of deep tissue (Pacinian corpuscle)

Explicación

Pregunta 32 de 48

1

The topographic projection of braille letters for example can be found

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only in the dorsal root ganglia and the brain stem.
also in the thalamus.
even in the cortex.

Explicación

Pregunta 33 de 48

1

The receptive fields of different neurons

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can have different dynamics (excitation only, center-surround, inhibition replacing excitation).
have the same dynamics if the neurons use the same receptors.
cannot overlap.
can be different but always have a center-surround structure.

Explicación

Pregunta 34 de 48

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The projection fields of sensory neurons go further than the specialized region.

This leads to of brain regions.

If a finger is lost for example, in the corresponding cortical region there is no inhibition anymore towards neurons that correspond to other fingers. These will then grow more .

Explicación

Pregunta 35 de 48

1

In which layer of their somatosensory cortex have rats their whisker-barrels?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

1
2
3
4
5

Explicación

Pregunta 36 de 48

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Rats sense actively by moving their whiskers in an ellipsoidal pathway with a frequency of ( 7 - 12, 2-7, 12-17, 17-22 ) Hz.

Explicación

Pregunta 37 de 48

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sensory neurons are sensitive to the timing of whisker deflections with sub-millisecond precision. They can also be phasic or tonic.

Explicación

Pregunta 38 de 48

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Sensing with whiskers has an active and a passive component.
It is cyclical and repetitive with an active ( forward, backward ) motion.
It involves an active motor aspect and a ( forward, inverse ) model to interact with the sensation.

Explicación

Pregunta 39 de 48

1

For the same whisker

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there can be different responses in different layers of the somatosensory cortex.
there is the same response in all layers of the somatosensory cortex.

Explicación

Pregunta 40 de 48

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Receptive fields in the somatosensory cortex of the rat are defined based on:
- whiskers (PW): the one eliciting the response with the shortest latency
- whiskers (AW): smaller responses with longer latencies

Explicación

Pregunta 41 de 48

1

The receptive field in the somatosensory cortex of rats

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do not only depend on space but also on time. The primary whisker (PW) can change over time.
do only depend on space. Each receptive field has its fixed primary whisker (PW).

Explicación

Pregunta 42 de 48

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The direction sensitive neurons in the somatosensory cortex of rats are located in layer ( 2/3, 1/2, 3/4, 4/5 ).
They sit ( between, above, in both of ) the barrels of the whiskers that are compared.

Explicación

Pregunta 43 de 48

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The term describes the phenomenon that even a precise stimulus does not excite a single mechanoreceptor but several adjacent mechanoreceptors as well.

is need for a precise stimulus loclization.

Explicación

Pregunta 44 de 48

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A is an area of skin that is mainly supplied by a single spinal nerve.

Explicación

Pregunta 45 de 48

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Topological representations of the whisker field in

brain stem nuclei:
thalamic nuclei:
primary somatosensory cortex:

Explicación

Pregunta 46 de 48

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In rats the nontopographic pathway to the thalamus is called the pathway.

Explicación

Pregunta 47 de 48

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The primary somatosensory cortex consists of Brodman Areas , and .

Brodman Area is also involved in the somatosensory system.

In total there are (write out) somatosensory fields for the whole body that code different information (superficial or deep touch, complex touch, active touch).

Explicación

Pregunta 48 de 48

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In rodents, the is the first part of the pathway from the whiskers to the brain.

These sensory neurons are sensitive to the timing of whisker deflections with sub-millisecond precision.

	Creado por Lukas Paulun hace alrededor de 6 años

Master (From Membrane to Brain [Lecture]) Neuroscience Test sobre Somatosensory System, creado por Lukas Paulun el 29/11/2018.

Somatosensory System

Pregunta 1 de 48

❌ is the transduction of ❌ energy into neuronal activity patterns. It ❌ processes. ❌ results in a conscious ❌ of stimulus properties after cognitive processing in the brain.

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 48

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The type of stimulus that requires least energy to procure a sensation is called the of a sensory receptor. The somatosensory system converts m, t and p stimuli.

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 48

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

Sensory receptors and sensory neurons must encode four types of information about a stimulus: - M - L - I - D

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 48

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

According to the modality is encoded by a discrete pathway from the sensory cell to a modality specific integrating center in the brain. Exceptions are receptors. Location can also be encoded in this way or by projections and maps within the brain.

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 48

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The field is the region of the surface that causes a response when stimulated. In the somatosensory system receptive fields are regions of the or of internal .

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 48

Leads to improved stimulus loclization: - ❌ - ❌ Leads to worse stimulus localization: - ❌

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Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 48

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The dynamic range of a neuron is bounded by its (a) of detection (b)

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 48

A large dynamic range means ❌ sensory discrimination and a ❌ onset detection. A narrow dynamic range means ❌ sensory discrimination and a ❌ onset detection.

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 48

Haz click en el punto naranja y escribe la respuesta

The trade-off between dynamic range and discrimination of stimuli can be improved by

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 48

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Phasic and tonic receptors.

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 48

Do phasic or tonic receptors adapt to a maintained stimulus?

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Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 48

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

Mechanoreceptors sense physical deformation of . In mammals these are of sensory neurons.

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 48

Selecciona la opción correcta del menú desplegable para completar el texto.

Proprioceptors sense internal external internal and external( internal, external, internal and external ) mechanical signals.

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 48

Haz click en el punto naranja y escribe la respuesta

Different types of mechanoreceptors

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 48

What kind of receptors?

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Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 48

Different kind of mechanoreceptors

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Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 48

The receptive field of mechanoreceptors are ❌ for deep layers (Ruffini ending, Pacinian corpuscle). They are ❌ for superficial layers (Merkel cell, Meissner corpuscle).

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Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 48

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Different proprioceptors: The provides information about changes in muscle length. The provides information about changes in muscle tension.

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 48

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Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 48

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The two point limen is a measure of the . It is determined by the density of and the mechanism (e.g. inhibition).

❌ is the transduction of ❌ energy into neuronal activity patterns. It ❌ processes.

❌ results in a conscious ❌ of stimulus properties after cognitive processing in the brain.

The type of stimulus that requires least energy to procure a sensation is called the of a sensory receptor.

The somatosensory system converts m, t and p stimuli.

Sensory receptors and sensory neurons must encode four types of information about a stimulus:

- M
- L
- I
- D

According to the modality is encoded by a discrete pathway from the sensory cell to a modality specific integrating center in the brain.
Exceptions are receptors.

Location can also be encoded in this way or by projections and maps within the brain.

The field is the region of the surface that causes a response when stimulated.
In the somatosensory system receptive fields are regions of the or of internal .

Leads to improved stimulus loclization:
- ❌
- ❌

Leads to worse stimulus localization:
- ❌

The dynamic range of a neuron is bounded by its
(a) of detection
(b)

A large dynamic range means ❌ sensory discrimination and a ❌ onset detection.

A narrow dynamic range means ❌ sensory discrimination and a ❌ onset detection.

Proprioceptors sense ( internal, external, internal and external ) mechanical signals.

The receptive field of mechanoreceptors are ❌ for deep layers (Ruffini ending, Pacinian corpuscle).

They are ❌ for superficial layers (Merkel cell, Meissner corpuscle).

Different proprioceptors:

The provides information about changes in muscle length.
The provides information about changes in muscle tension.

The two point limen is a measure of the .

It is determined by the density of and the mechanism (e.g. inhibition).

Neurons can be sensitive to the of an object and its of movement.
In the latter case multiple receptors are needed.

The pathway for touch, proprioception, vibration is called pathway.

The pathway for pain, temperature is called tract.

The topographic projection of the whisker pad is maintained throughout all processing stages:

- nuclei
- nuclei
- Primary

In the ( thalamus, brain stem, primary somatosensory cortex ) there are topographic AND non-topographic projections of the whisker field.

What are the thalamic relay nuclei of the somatosensory system?
- nucleus (VPM)
- nucleus (VPL)
- complex (PoM)

The projection fields of sensory neurons go further than the specialized region.

This leads to of brain regions.

If a finger is lost for example, in the corresponding cortical region there is no inhibition anymore towards neurons that correspond to other fingers. These will then grow more .

Rats sense actively by moving their whiskers in an ellipsoidal pathway with a frequency of ( 7 - 12, 2-7, 12-17, 17-22 ) Hz.