The compensation depth of phytoplankton in the ocean is often assumed to coincide with light levels that are about _____ of those at the surface.

Net Primary Productivity is the amount of _________ fixed by photosynthesis that exceeds the respiration needs of a plant and goes into growth

Compounds the contain Nitrogen, Silicon, and Phosphorous are called?

What are the chemical substances that plants need to live, but only in very small quantities?

Nutrients are regenerated in the ocean by

The most productive areas of the ocean are characterized by

Near surface waters off Peru are typically ____

In an El Nino year, the near surface waters off Peru become ____

Biological productivity in polar seas tends to be limited by

Tropical waters are very clear and blue because of

A triangular deposit of sediment at the mouth of a river is called a/an ___

The delta plain is drained by a system of channels called _____

Which of the following lists of materials is listed in increasing order of resistance to erosion?

A __________ delta is one where waves and tides are ineffective in rearranging river deposits

The structure that is built to prevent or diminish sediment deposition at the mouth of a harbor is called a

Structures that are built along eroding beaches to trap sand and artificially promote accretion are called ___

The structure that is built in front of harbors or shorelines to redirect wave energy away from the shoreline is a _____

Structures that are built on shore, on the assumption that they protect beaches, roads, and bluffs, from erosion are called _____

Beach nourishment relies on sand ____

Which of the following was NOT a contributing factor of the devastation of Hurrricane Katrina in New Orleans?

In rock form, the calcium carbonate of a coral reef is called ____

The coral animal is called a/an

The calcium carbonate exoskeleton of a coral animal is called a/an ____

The algae living in the tissue of coral animals is called ____

The most accurate term for the relationship between coral and zooxanthellae is ____

Coral reefs require water temps of at least ___ degrees

Brain coral is well adapted to live on what section of the reef?

Reefs which form limestone shores around islands and the tropical areas of continents are called ___

Reefs that are separated from land by a lagoon are called ____

Circular reefs surrounding a central lagoon are called _____

On average, the efficiency of trophic transfers is ______

Primary producers are called _____

Which of the following are primary producers?

What would be found at the third trophic level or higher?

A food web consists of a system of interconnected _____

Bacteria would generally be listed as ______

Which of the following is typically a grazer?

The size of the population of any organism is usually a direct function of its _____ supply

Bacteria which can live without free oxygen are called what?

Which of the following is a primary factor limiting plant growth?

The two elements that typically limit productivity of ecosystems are Nitrogen and what?

Productivity in tropical oceans is

Productivity in polar oceans is

Which regions produce the majority of the world's fish?

Tropical oceans are infertile because the ___ of the region inhibits mixing of the water column

The spring diatom bloom of temperate ocean waters occurs in response to increasing levels of what?

The waters adjacent to Peru are an area of coastal what?

The eastern South Pacific normally experiences

The western South Pacific normally experiences

Weakening of winds, Cessation of Upwelling off Peru, and rain in western S. America signify

Intensified trade winds, Strong upwelling off Peru, and cool water temps across the pacific signify

Most of the energy that reshapes beaches comes from

Currents in the surf zone that flow parallel to shore are called

The open water seaward of the breaker zone is called

A submarine deposit of sand that is parallel to the shore is called

A beach profile characterized by a broad berm and a steep beach face is called a/an

During a storm, the average grain size of sand on a beach _____

Sand input to a beach can be caused by

Sand removal is caused by

Sand is permanently lost off of Southern California by being transported to

The most important role of sand dune vegetation is