National 5 Biology

What are general genes?

What are specialised genes?

How are genes involved in the specialisation of cells?

What is a stem cell?

What are the two main types of stem cell found in humans?

What is the main function of stem cells in adults?

What is a meristem?

What is the order of the 5 zones of apical meristems?

Stem cells have the potential to become _________________________

What is differentiation?

All organisms exhibit ___________

Growth is _____________________

There are ___________ and ___________ meristems

Groups of organs work together to form __________

A tissue is __________________

An organ is composed of _______________

Organ systems are _______________

Mitosis is __________

Variables such as ___________, ___ and _______________ must be controlled when carrying out the tissue culture techniques

Chromosomes contain ____________________

Chromosomes are made from _____________________

The two DNA strands are held together by ________________________

The sequence of the DNA bases encodes information for ____________________

Proteins are built from ________________

The shape of a protein determines its _______________

Enzymes function as ________________ because they speed up the rate of ________________________

Enzymes remain ___________ at the end of a reaction

What is an active site?

Enzymes are _____________

Enzymes are affected by _____________

When an enzyme changes shape, we say it is ________________

Genetic information can be transferred from one cell to another using _____________

Genetic engineering is ______________

What are some examples of use for genetic engineering?

Photosynthesis is ________________

The raw materials needed for photosynthesis are _____________ and ________________

The requirements for photosynthesis are ___________ and _______________

Photosynthesis takes place in the _____________

The first stage of photosynthesis is __________________

During photolysis __________ is trapped by chlorophyll in the chloroplasts and is converted into chemical energy in the form of ________

During photolysis, water is split to produce _____________ and ____________

The second stage of photosynthesis is the __________________

The carbon fixation stage of photosynthesis is a series of ____________________

How is sugar created in the carbon fixation stage of photosynthesis?

The chemical energy in sugar is available for _______________

What is a limiting factor?

Limiting factors of photosynthesis are _________, __________ and ______________

Glucose is a source of __________

Energy released from the breakdown of glucose during respiration is used to synthesise ______ from _____________

The energy made by ADP and Pi can be used by the cell as an energy source for cellular activities such as ____________, _______________, _______________________ and _________________________

In the presence of oxygen, glucose is broken down into ____________. This is further broken down into ___________ and ___________

Where does aerobic respiration begin and end?

The breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen yields ____ molecules of ATP per glucose molecule

What is the fermentation pathway?

Where does the fermentation pathway occur?

In animals: In the absence of oxygen glucose is broken down into __________ , which is further broken down into ______________

In plants and yeast cells: In the absence of oxygen glucose is broken down into ___________, which is further broken down into ________ and _______________

The breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen yields ___ molecules of ATP per glucose molecule

The detail of organelles inside living cells is known as the _____________

What are organelles found in both animal and plant cells?

What is the function of a nucleus?

What is the function of a cell membrane?

What is the function of a cytoplasm?

What is the function of a mitochondrion?

What is the function of a ribosome?

What organelles are only found in plant cells?

What is the function of a cell wall?

What is the function of a vacuole?

What is the function of a chloroplast?