All health professionals are bound by the NSW health privacy manual for health info
Privacy is the right to be left alone or to "withhold ourselves and our lives from public scrutiny"
Confidentiality is the protection of personal info
Privacy is the protection of personal info
Confidentiality is the right to be left alone or to "withhold ourselves and our lives from public scrutiny"
Privacy is more to do with physical means and confidentiality is more to do with information
8 Ways to privacy and dignity NSW health
Make patients/woman and their carers welcome
communicate frequently with patients and carers
Protect patient privacy during consultation and treatment
respect the needs of dying patients and their carers
respect culture and beliefs
manage noise for patient/women comfort
avoid mixed gender accomodation
provide single sex bathrooms
maintain discomfort for patient/women
Select two most relevant health polices to confidentiality and privacy
Privacy act 2001
Health records and information privacy act 2002
Privacy act 1988
Health records and information privacy act 2002 is an act most relevant to health privacy and confidentiality
Definition of personal information (privacy act) = 'info or an opinion about an identified individual or an individual who is reasonably identifiable'
information regarding a patient whether factual or not, or based on opinion is still part of the privacy act.
personal information is about personal life, work life, name, address, signature, email, phone, salary, job, title etc.
personal information is not about personal life, work life, name, address, signature, email, phone, salary, job, title etc.
Health information of a person is considered sensitive information under the privacy act.
Sensitive info includes info about religious beliefs or sexual orientation etc
The patient does not own their own health record but they have the right to access it
The health records and info privacy act covers the code of conduct, privacy manual and privacy info leaflet for staff
The health records and info privacy act provides info that staff must not intentionally disclose any info regarding a patients health
Once commenced employment, what do you need to sign to ensure your confidentiality and privacy?
NSW Health code of Conduct
NSW Health code of Confidentiality
Disclosures can be legally made when: select 3
Notifiable diseases
Court order or subpoena
Child abuse
Sex offenders
Disclosure in the public interest when (select 4)
serious or imminent threat
Threat to an identifiable third party
Disclosure is made to a responsible authority
risk of genetic disposition
drug or alcohol abuse
Disclosures must be given when in the public interest or to prevent illegal activity.
Clinical reasoning is the process by which nurses, midwives and other clinicians collect cues, process the info, come to an understanding of a patient problem or situation, plan and implement interventions, evaluate outcomes and reflect on and learn from the process.
Clinical reasoning is not a linear process but rather a series of spiral of linked and ongoing clinical encounters
The first part of the clinical reasoning cycle is to consider the patient situation
The second part of the clinical reasoning cycle is to consider the patient situation
The second part of the clinical reasoning cycle is to collect cues/information
clinical reasoning cycle - second part 'Collect cues/info - review current info, gather new info, recall knowledge ie to physio, patho, pharmacology etc.
Anchoring: settling on the first piece of information rather than what else we might find out
Ascertainment bias: thinking shaped by prior assumptions, biases, stereotypes.
Confirmation bias: When we look at or for data than confirms our prior assumptions rather than for something that disproves or does not confirm what we think we know.
Diagnostic momentum: labels, once attached, become stickier and stickier
Fundamental attribution error: tendency to blame people for their behaviour or health problems and exclude external factors and to do the reverse for themselves
Diagnostic momentum: Fundamental attribution error: tendency to blame people for their behaviour or health problems and exclude external factors and to do the reverse for themselves
Overconfidence bias: when we think we know more than we do about a situation which may lead to ignoring cues in favour of opinion of hunches
Confirmation bias: when we think we know more than we do about a situation which may lead to ignoring cues in favour of opinion of hunches
Premature closure: when we diagnose the problem too early and not consider reasonable alternatives
Psych out error: people with mental illness are vulnerable to CR error, especially when physiological causes and symptoms of serious medical conditions are missed because it was assumed are related to their pre-existing mental illness
Unpacking principle: poor history taking and missed cues leads to diagnostic errors
Ascertainment bias: Unpacking principle: poor history taking and missed cues leads to diagnostic errors
