All of the following are positive symptoms of schizophrenia except:
Social withdrawal
Auditory hallucinations
Disorganised speech
Visual hallucinations
The negative symptoms of schizophrenia:
Are best illustrated by delusions
Are likely to be caused by excessive brain dopamine activity
Represent the absence of behaviours that are usually present
Are best illustrated by poor abstract thinking
The positive symptoms of schizophrenia may be caused by:
An imbalance of norepinephrine in the brain
A single recessive gene
Excessive activity in forebrain dopamine circuits in the brain
Excessive activity in midbrain dopamine circuits in the brain
The fact that the odds of a child born to two parents, both of whom have schizophrenia, is less than 50% suggests that:
Schizophrenia is associated with infertility
Schizophrenia is not produced by a single gene
Schizophrenia is a metabolic disorder
Schizophrenia is produced by a single dominant gene
Imagine that you have been handed a list of drugs and that beside each drug name is a number that represents the potency of that drug for blocking midbrain dopamine receptors (where a low number means a greater potency at blocking). Which would you choose for the treatment of schizophrenia?
Potency value = 0.1
Potency value = 0.3
Potency value = 1.0
Potency value = 5.0
Administration of high doses of which of the following drugs would be expected to produce the positive symptoms of schizophrenia:
L-DOPA
Methamphetamine
Cocaine
All of the above are correct
John has been diagnosed with schizophrenia and has shown improvement in positive symptoms while taking chlorpromazine (CPZ). John may be at risk of his positive symptoms returning if he:
Stops taking CPZ and takes cocaine at a party
Takes double his CPZ does per pay
Mixes alcohol with CPZ
Takes reserpine in addition to CPZ
The mesolimbic pathway projects from the ___________ to the __________:
Substantia nigra; caudate
Globus pallidus; ventral tegmental area
Ventral tegmental area; frontal cortex
Ventral tegmental area; nucleus accumbens and amygdala
Clozapine is referred to as an "atypical" antipsychotic drug because it:
Can reverse positive symptoms of schizophrenia without producing tardive dyskinesia
Is more potent at blocking D2 than D4 receptors
Effectively treat schizophrenia but also produces motor side effects
Does not have any effect on dopamine
The negative symptoms of schizophrenia may be related to:
Excessive birth weight
Mild brain damage
Overactivity of dopaminergic neurons
Having an older mother
Which of the following suggests that schizophrenia may be associated with atypical neuroanatomy:
The size of the lateral ventricles increases in people with schizophrenia
The size of the lateral ventricles decreases in people with schizophrenia
Older people, who have already lost substantial numbers of neurons, are more likely to develop schizophrenia than younger people
The neurological symptoms observed in schizophrenia are unique to schizophrenia
The major affective disorders are also known as:
Anxiety disorders
Schizoaffective disorders
Manic-depression disorders
Mood disorders
_______________ is/are NOT an effective treatment for unipolar depression
Drugs that block the reuptake of serotonin or norepinephrine
Good sleep hygiene
Lithium salts
Electroconvulsive therapy
The ability of fluoxetine (Prozac) to function as an effective treatment for _____________ is related to its capacity to ____________:
Delusions and hallucinations; block serotonin reuptake
Depression; block serotonin reuptake
Anxiety disorders; inhibit MAO
Obsessive-compulsive disorder; release glycine
A person with ____________ allele(s) of the gene for the _____________ transporter is at risk for depression
A long and a short; dopamine
Two long; serotonin
Two short; serotonin
Two long; GABA
