Danielle Easton
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PHIL 10101 Professor Lent @ Ohio University. Reviews exams 1 & 2

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Danielle Easton
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Philosphy 1010 Final Review Part 1

Pregunta 1 de 96

1

According to rationalism, experience is required for knowledge.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 96

1

Heraclitus is a rationalist.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 96

1

Empiricism is the view that God does not exist.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 96

1

He is regarded as the first philosopher.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Heraclitus

  • Pythagoras

  • Socrates

  • None of the above

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 96

1

Which of the following philosophers are empiricists?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Heraclitus

  • Parmenides

  • Pythagoras

  • All of the above

  • None of the above

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 96

1

He held that everything is being, that nothing changes.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Pythagoras

  • Parmenides

  • Thales

  • Heraclitus

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 96

1

He held that all is water.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Thales

  • Parmenides

  • Pythagoras

  • None of the above

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 96

1

He held that everything is fire.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Thales

  • Parmenides

  • Pythagoras

  • Heraclitus

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 96

1

He held that everything is in a constant state of flux/change

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Heraclitus

  • Parmenides

  • Pythagoras

  • Thales

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 96

1

Who said you cannot step twice in the same river?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Thales

  • Parmenides

  • Pythagoras

  • None of the above

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 96

1

Plato is a rationalist.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 96

1

According to Plato, if you believe something is true and it is true, then you know that it's true.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 96

1

According to Plato, knowledge is true belief plus?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • an account

  • the logos

  • the reason/rational explanation

  • All of the above

  • None of the above. Knowlege is nothing more than true belief.

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 96

1

Epistmology is

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • the view that all knowledge comes through reason

  • the view that all knowledge comes through experience

  • None of the above

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 96

1

In the Allegory of the Cave, the prisoners

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • see only the shadows of things, not the things themselves.

  • believe they know what reality is like.

  • don't know they are prisoners

  • are just like us.

  • All of the above.

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 96

1

"Does God exist?" is

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • an ethical question.

  • an epistemological question.

  • an ontological question.

  • All of the above.

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 96

1

The inside of the cave represents

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • the world of appearance.

  • the empirical world

  • a world in a constant state of flux.

  • All of the above

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 96

1

On Plato's view,

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • although the forms are not physical, they may be seen with physical eyes.

  • although the forms are not mental, they exist only in they mind.

  • forms are more real than physical objects.

  • All of the above

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 96

1

Plato's view is a dualist view because

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • he had two personalities.

  • he famously beat Heraclitus in a duel.

  • he had only two beliefs: Socrates is a man and Socrates is mortal.

  • he believed in two kinds of things, material things and nonmaterial things

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 96

1

According to Plato,

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The thing that is the most real is The Good.

  • There are two utlimate realities, The Good and The Bad.

  • There are three ultimate realities, The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly.

  • Nothing is real. There's nothing to get hung about.

Explicación

Pregunta 21 de 96

1

Why is Socrates on trial?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • For molesting young boys.

  • For plagiarizing Plato's ideas.

  • For corrupting the youth of Athens through philosophy.

  • All of the above

Explicación

Pregunta 22 de 96

1

Who tries to convince Socrates to escape from prison?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Plato

  • Plato's little sister Denise

  • Socrates' young friend Crito

  • Alexander the Great

Explicación

Pregunta 23 de 96

1

Socrates rejects the reasons in favor of escaping.  Why does he reject the reasons given?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The reasons given concern the physical concequences of leaving.

  • According to Socrates, the reasons given don't have anything to do with whether it is right to leave.

  • According to Socrates, the physical consequences, those that are known empirically, are not relevent to what is right.

  • All of the above.

Explicación

Pregunta 24 de 96

1

Socrates believes that if he leaves, he will be breaking his just agreement with the state.  How does he know that breaking just agreements is wrong?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Whenever he has broken his just agreements in the past and when he has observed others breaking their just agreements, the consequences have always been bad.

  • He knows it empirically.

  • He knows it by reason alone.

  • None of the above.

Explicación

Pregunta 25 de 96

1

In the Symposium love is defined as the desire always to possess The Good.  What is The Good, according to the view that Socrates learned?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • It varies from person to person.

  • It varies from culture to culture

  • Anything a person cares for deeply.

  • All of the above

  • None of the above.

Explicación

Pregunta 26 de 96

1

On Plato's view, beautiful objects in the physical world are only shadows of beauty itself.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 27 de 96

1

Beauty itself is not physical.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 28 de 96

1

Beauty itself, like justice itself, is a form, an immaterial object and therefore can be perceived only by reason, not by the senses.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 29 de 96

1

On Plato's view, true beauty is in the eye of the beholder so that what is truely beautiful is just a matter of opinion.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 30 de 96

1

Like Plato's Allegory of the Cave, which represents the process of enlightenment whereby one turns from the less real to the more real, Plato's ladder of love represents the pursuit of love to be an assent from what is less real to what is more real. 

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 31 de 96

1

 If an argument is valid, then
 

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • its conclusion must be true.

  • if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true.

  • its premises are all true

  • All of the above

Explicación

Pregunta 32 de 96

1

1. If God exists, then all is well.
All is not well
Therefore God does not exist

The above argument is:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Valid

  • Invalid

Explicación

Pregunta 33 de 96

1

1.  If God exists, then all is well.
All is not well
Therefore God does not exist

The above argument is an example of

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Modus Ponens

  • Modus Tollens

  • Denying the antecedent

  • Affirming the consequent

Explicación

Pregunta 34 de 96

1

Which of the following is true

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • If an argument is valid, all its premises are true
     

  • If an argument is sound, it is also valid

  • If an argument is valid, it is also sound

  • All of the above

Explicación

Pregunta 35 de 96

1

Which of the following is true?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  •  If an argument is an example of denying the antecedent, its conclusion is always false

  • If an argument is sound, its conclusion is true

  • If an argument is an example of Modus Ponens its conclusion is always true

  • All of the above

Explicación

Pregunta 36 de 96

1

Different cultures have different moral standards is

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • descriptive

  • prescriptive

Explicación

Pregunta 37 de 96

1

Ethical Relativism is descriptive

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 38 de 96

1

 If different cultures have different moral standards, then Ethical Relativism is true.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 39 de 96

1

If Ethical Relativism is true,  when a culture changes its morals, the change is neither moral progress nor moral decline.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 40 de 96

1

 If something is the case, then it ought to be the case.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 41 de 96

1

If a statement is prescriptive,

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  •  it is merely a matter of opinion

  • it is descriptive

  • it is normative

  • None of the above

Explicación

Pregunta 42 de 96

1

 If Ethical Relativism is true,  then one's culture is always by definition right

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 43 de 96

1

If Ethical Relativism is true, a moral reformer who seeks to reform a culture's morals is always by definition wrong.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 44 de 96

1

The consensus among philosophers is that Ethical Relativism is

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 45 de 96

1

1. If candy is dandy, then liquor is quicker
Candy is dandy
Therefore liquor is quicker.

The above argument is

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Valid

  • Invalid

Explicación

Pregunta 46 de 96

1

There really is a difference between good reasoning and bad

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 47 de 96

1

Aristotle was Socrates' teacher.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 48 de 96

1

1. Plato and Aristotle disagreed over

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • how to divide Socrates' vast estate

  • whether Jesus was the Jewish messiah

  • the nature of forms

  • the nature of sexual desire

Explicación

Pregunta 49 de 96

1

Aristotle believed that the forms are in material objects, not that material objects are mere shadows of immaterial forms.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 50 de 96

1

According to Epicurus, we should do what reason says, even if doing so makes everyone unhappy.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 51 de 96

1

Epicurus was a materialist.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 52 de 96

1

The Stoics were like Plato in that they believed in the use of reason over emotion, but they were unlike Plato in that they were ontological materialists.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 53 de 96

1

Philo lived

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • at about the same time as Plato and Aristotle

  • at about the same time as Epicurus

  • at about the same time as Jesus and Paul

  • All of the above. Philo lived a very long life.

Explicación

Pregunta 54 de 96

1

For Plato, The Good is a non-personal entity to be contemplated.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 55 de 96

1

For Justin Martyr, The Good is God, a person to be worshipped, not merely to be contemplated.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 56 de 96

1

Which of the following is true?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Philo tried to synthesize Greek philosophy with the Hebrew scriptures.

  • Justin Martyr tried to synthesize Greek and Hebrew thought with Christianity.

  • Both of the above

  • None of the above.

Explicación

Pregunta 57 de 96

1

Why does Descartes set out to doubt everything?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • He had grown angry and bitter towards God.

  • To prove that nothing can be known.

  • To build a foundation for scientific knowledge.

  • To build a foundation that helps needy philosophers.

Explicación

Pregunta 58 de 96

1

Rationalism is the view that all knowledge comes through reason, not though sensory experience.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 59 de 96

1

Even though he knows the senses are known deceivers, Descartes is still an empiricist.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 60 de 96

1

1. On what grounds does Descartes doubt even immediate empirical judgments such as, "I am seated here now"?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • He drank too much and began to doubt everything.

  • He might be dreaming

  • He doesn't doubt it: it's his first truth, something that cannot be doubted.

  • None of the above.

Explicación

Pregunta 61 de 96

1

The main conclusion of the wax example is that the senses are known deceivers.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 62 de 96

1

According to Descartes, physical bodies are perceived by reason alone.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 63 de 96

1

According to Descartes, the mind is identical to the brain.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 64 de 96

1

1. Descartes observes that he can doubt the existence of his body, but that he cannot doubt the existence of his soul.  What conclusion does he draw from this?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The senses are known deceivers

  • He might be dreaming

  • There might be an evil genius

  • The body is not identical to the soul.

Explicación

Pregunta 65 de 96

1

Descartes thinks he has shown the falsity of the supposition that an evil genius exists by proving that a perfect being exists, one who is not a deceiver.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 66 de 96

1

Our ideas of primary properties correctly represent the world.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 67 de 96

1

Our ideas of secondary properties do not represent the world.  They are the result of causal powers in objects that produce these ideas in us.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 68 de 96

1

Why is it important philosophically for Descartes to argue that God exists?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • He felt very vulnerable all alone in the cabin while he was engaging in his meditations, and he needed the comfort of knowing someone was watching out for him.

  • To write a book that did not prove God’s existence would have made Descartes a criminal in the eyes of the law.

  • If a perfect God exists, then the Evil Genius does not.

  • Descartes argues against the idea of a perfect being so that, being himself imperfect, he might feel better about himself.

Explicación

Pregunta 69 de 96

1

How does Descartes argue that God exists?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • He came up with the famous statement, Credo, Biblio, Veritas (The Bible says it, I believe it, and that settles it).

  • He argues that the perfect functioning of the material world provides evidence of a perfect intelligent designer.

  • He begins with only the ideas in his mind, since that is all he can be certain of at that point

  • All of the above.

Explicación

Pregunta 70 de 96

1

Does Descartes believe he has the idea of perfection?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Yes. That is the only way he could know that he, himself, is imperfect.

  • No. He has no idea of perfection and that is how he knows that he himself is perfect.

Explicación

Pregunta 71 de 96

1

Our ideas of secondary properties, such as our idea of red, do not resemble anything in the object that produce the ideas in us. 

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 72 de 96

1

Though Descartes believes in his own existence as well as God’s, he does not believe in a material world, even at the end. 

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 73 de 96

1

Does Descartes know that he, himself, is imperfect?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Yes. Because he doubts, he knows he is imperfect.

  • No. He doubts very much that he is imperfect, since only a perfect being could have discovered The Cogito.

Explicación

Pregunta 74 de 96

1

Blue and yellow are primary properties, while yellow is a secondary property.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 75 de 96

1

Because he believes the senses are known deceivers, Descartes is an empiricist.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 76 de 96

1

Like Descartes, John Locke is a rationalist.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 77 de 96

1

What does it mean to say that we are born a tabula rasa?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • We are born with innate ideas.

  • The same thing as cogito ergo sum.

  • We are born without any ideas.

  • All of the above.

Explicación

Pregunta 78 de 96

1

Although Locke believes that all knowledge comes through experience, he doesn't believe that we actually experience the world, only our ideas of the world.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 79 de 96

1

Although Locke believes that all knowledge comes through experience, he doesn't believe that we actually experience the world, only our ideas of the world.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 80 de 96

1

Ockham's Razor is

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The sword that killed the empiricist Ockham.

  • a principle Locke uses to show that empiricism is superior to rationalism

  • a principle that says, "your argument cuts both ways".

  • an argument in favor of innate ideas

Explicación

Pregunta 81 de 96

1

According to Locke, some of our ideas correctly represent the world and some do not.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 82 de 96

1

According to Locke, the idea of identity is a simple idea.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 83 de 96

1

Which of the following ideas do not correctly represent the world?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Our idea of red.

  • Our idea of pain.

  • our idea of the sweet taste of sugar.

  • None of the ideas above correctly represent the world, according to Locke.

Explicación

Pregunta 84 de 96

1

Locke believes our idea of red does not correctly represent reality because he believes the senses are known deceivers.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 85 de 96

1

Descartes thought we could perceive the world directly, while Locke thinks the only thing we perceive directly are the ideas in our mind.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 86 de 96

1

When Locke talks about abstract ideas, he means those ideas that the enlightened person achieves when he or she has turned away from the empirical world.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 87 de 96

1

Which of the following ideas are innate, according to Locke?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Our idea of substance.

  • Our idea of identity

  • Both of the above

  • None of the above.

Explicación

Pregunta 88 de 96

1

1. Our idea of substance, according to Locke, is

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • obscure, not clear.

  • an idea of something, but he knows not what.

  • an idea of something that supports or stands under the qualities of a thing,

  • and really is the thing in which all the properties inhere.

  • All of the above.

Explicación

Pregunta 89 de 96

1

Locke believes that our idea of identity is formed when we experience an idea, for example, the idea of a pink ball, and then experience that same idea again, and then compare the two ideas in our mind and perceive that they are the same.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 90 de 96

1

Locke believes that the mind and body are distinct substances that are only contingently related, that the body is a material substance and the mind is immaterial.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 91 de 96

1

According to Locke, a person is an immaterial substance and so personal identity is nothing more than the continued existence of the same immaterial substance.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 92 de 96

1

When Locke uses the word "man" such as when he considers what it is to be the same man through time, the word "man" means, human.  It is a term that refers to whatever biologists refer to when they refer to humans.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 93 de 96

1

On Locke's view, all humans are persons.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 94 de 96

1

On Locke's view, all persons are humans.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 95 de 96

1

Locke says that a rational parrot should be called a man or a human.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 96 de 96

1

According to Locke, our idea of a person is not the idea of an immaterial substance but the idea of a thinking intelligent being with self-awareness.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación