Danielle Easton
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Includes questions from exam 3, 4 and the final

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Danielle Easton
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PHIL 1010 Final Review Part 2

Pregunta 1 de 93

1

Berkeley was a rationalist

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 93

1

Which of the following claims does Locke believe?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • All knowledge comes through experience.

  • All experience is experience of ideas.

  • All knowledge is knowledge is knowledge of ideas

  • All of the above.

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 93

1


Locke believed that our ideas are caused by a material world,

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 93

1


Berkeley believed that our ideas are caused by the material world.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 93

1

According to Locke, our ideas of primary qualities correctly represent the material world

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 93

1


According to Berkeley, if empiricism is correct, we could never know if our ideas correctly represent the world.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 93

1

Berkeley rejects the material world because he believes that material weath is the root of all evil.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 93

1

"Esse est percipi " means

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • I think therefore I am.

  • To be or not to be.

  • We are born a blank slate.

  • To be is to be perceived.

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 93

1

According to Berkeley,

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Ideas of primary qualities are nothing but interpretations of ideas of secondary qualities.

  • The assumption that material substances exist leads to skepticism.

  • Only the mental world exists.

  • All of the above.

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 93

1

According to Berkeley, what we call physical objects are nothing but bundles of ideas.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 93

1

According to Hume, there are two kinds of perceptions. He calls them

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • rationalism and empiricism.

  • impressions and ideas

  • relations of ideas and matters of fact.

  • primary qualities and secondary qualities.

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 93

1

One difference between impressions and ideas is that

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • ideas are copies of impressions.

  • impressions are copies of ideas.

  • There is no difference between the two. Both are copied from a material substratum.

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 93

1


According to Hume, if a term cannot be traced back to an impression,

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • it has no meaning.

  • it is false.

  • it must be believed by faith.

  • None of the above.

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 93

1


Which of the following is a relation of ideas?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Murder causes pain.

  • Barking dogs bark.

  • All emerelds are green.

  • God loves everyone.

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 93

1

Which of the following is a matter of fact in Hume's sense?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • All bachelors are unmarried.

  • The earth is flat, not round

  • All triangles have four sides.

  • None of the above are matters of fact in Hume's sense.

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 93

1


Relations of ideas concern apriori reasoning found only in philosophy while matters of fact concern the aposteriori reasoning found only in the scientific method.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 93

1

If a statement is knowable apriori, it can be known with certainty apart from experience, according to Hume

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 93

1

According to Hume, our ideas of causality and induction can be traced back to impressions produced by the world upon our senses and to the feelings we experience.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 93

1

According to Hume, our ideas of causation and induction, are derived from reason alone, not experience.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 93

1


According to Hume, apriori claims are meaningless.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 21 de 93

1

Because Descartes held that the self is a thinking thing, the Cartesian View is also known as the Psychological View of personal identity.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 22 de 93

1

On Locke's view, personal identity consists in sameness of substance.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 23 de 93

1


Derek Parfit believes we can survive in a different body, even if nothing of the original body remains, even the brain.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 24 de 93

1


According to Parfit,

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:


  • A person can survive in a different body if that person's brain is transplanted into a different body.

  • A person can survive in a different body if half that person's brain is transplanted into a different body.

  • A person can survive in a different body if both halves of that person's brain are transplanted into different bodies.

  • All of the above

Explicación

Pregunta 25 de 93

1


According to Parfit, everything that matters in a person's survival can be preserved, even if half of a person's brain is transplanted into two different bodies.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 26 de 93

1

According to Parfit, personal identity is not what matters in a person's existence through time.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 27 de 93

1

According to Lent, the major problem with Parfit's view is

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • that it ignores the soul

  • that it ignores relations among mental events, such as the relation between an experience and the subsequent memory of that experience.

  • that Parfit uses imaginary cases that can't possibly happen.

  • All of the above

  • None of the above

Explicación

Pregunta 28 de 93

1


When Lent says love is historical, he means that it goes back to ancient times.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 29 de 93

1

According to Parfit, one person can be identical to two persons who are not identical to each other.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 30 de 93

1

According to Hume,

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • the self is nothing but a bundle of experiences.

  • the self does not exist.

  • The self is nothing but a bundle of experiences plus a something I know not what to support the bundle.

  • All of the above.

Explicación

Pregunta 31 de 93

1


Both atheists and agnostics deny that God exists.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 32 de 93

1

Agnosticism regarding God's existence (or agnosticism on anything else) means that one does not know one way or the other.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 33 de 93

1

Agnosticism may be weak agnosticism, such as when I claim to be agnostic on the matter of the origin of the British monarchy. While I don't presently know, such knowledge may be available to me and I may come to know. In that case, my agnosticism is weak agnosticism.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 34 de 93

1


Agnosticism may be strong, such as when I insist that not only do I not know whether the number of stars in the universe is odd or even, you don't know either. Indeed, it cannot be known. This is a strong form of agnosticism.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 35 de 93

1

Theism is the belief that God exists.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 36 de 93

1

God is said to be omnipotent. That means he can make a rock so big that even he cannot lift it.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 37 de 93

1

God is said to be omniscient. That means that God is all powerful.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 38 de 93

1

God is said to be omni-benevolent. That means God is morally perfect.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 39 de 93

1


God is said to be a person. That means that God is a human.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 40 de 93

1

God is said to have created the world ex nihilo. That means that God created the world for no reason at all

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 41 de 93

1

God is said to have necessary existence. That means it is impossible for God not to exist.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 42 de 93

1

The title of the famous work by Bertrand Russell we read in class is, "Why Atheism is True."

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 43 de 93

1

Russell considers several definitions of the word "Christian." Which definition does Russell believe is the relevant one?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The geographical sense of "Christian" such that a Christian is one who is a citizen of a Christian nation.

  • The moral sense of "Christian" such that a Christian is one who tries to live a good life.

  • Russell means "Christian" in both the geographical sense and the moral sense when he explains why he is not a Christian.

  • None of the above.

Explicación

Pregunta 44 de 93

1


Russell does not believe that Jesus is God, even though he believes that Jesus is the best and wisest of men.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 45 de 93

1

According to Russell, it is doubtful that Jesus even existed and even if he did, we know hardly anything about him.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 46 de 93

1

One of the arguments for God's existence that Russell considers is the First Cause argument. Why does he reject it?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • He thinks there is no reason why the universe can't be infinitely old.

  • He thinks that Darwin has disproved the existence of God.

  • Both of the above.

  • None of the above

Explicación

Pregunta 47 de 93

1

Most scientists today agree with Russell that the universe might be infinitely old.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 48 de 93

1

Which of the following is not necessary to being a Christian in Russell's sense?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • A belief in hell

  • a belief that God exists

  • A belief that Jesus is the best and wisest of men

  • All of the above are necessary to being a Christian in Russell's sense.

Explicación

Pregunta 49 de 93

1

Russell thinks that Jesus was not the best and wisest of men because Jesus believed in hell.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 50 de 93

1

Russell believes that the future of the material universe is infinite.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 51 de 93

1

According to Russell, we don't need to accept the design argument since we can explain why things appear to be designed, without supposing that there is an intelligent designer.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 52 de 93

1


One of the arguments William Lane Craig gives in favor of God's existence is the Cosmological Argument. Another name for this argument is

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • the teleological argument.

  • the first cause argument.

  • the design argument.

  • All of the above.

Explicación

Pregunta 53 de 93

1

According to Craig, the cosmological argument allows us to conclude which of the following?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The universe has a first cause.

  • Whatever cause the universe to exist could not have been material.

  • The first cause must have been a person.

  • All of the above.

Explicación

Pregunta 54 de 93

1

According to Craig, the evidence he presents makes belief in God's existence a logical certainty.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 55 de 93

1

Craig believes that if Jesus rose from the dead, there is good evidence that God exists

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 56 de 93

1

What reason does Craig give that Jesus rose from the dead?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Craig says that this is the kind of thing that must be accepted by faith. Faith is the only kind of reason that is possible and the only kind that is necessary.

  • Craig gives historical evidence.

  • Craig claims to possess photographs of Jesus.

  • None of the above.

Explicación

Pregunta 57 de 93

1

According to Hitchens, the burden of proof is the on the one who affirms God's existence, not on the one who denies God's existence.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 58 de 93

1


According to Hitchens, in order to be successful, Craig must demonstrate that God's existence is logically certain.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 59 de 93

1

Another name for the teleological argument is

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • the design argument.

  • the moral argument.

  • the cosmological argument.

  • None of the above.

Explicación

Pregunta 60 de 93

1

In the ancient Greek world, including the Greek-speaking world when the New Testament was written, the word translated "faith" meant belief or conviction in the truth of anything, not just belief about religious matters.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 61 de 93

1


The problem of evil is an argument in favor of theism.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 62 de 93

1

Which attributes of God are said to generate the problem of evil?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Omnipotence and omniscience

  • Omnipotence and omnibenevolence

  • Omnibenevolence and personhood

  • None of the above

Explicación

Pregunta 63 de 93

1

There are many difference versions of the cosmological argument. In addition to the one William Lane Craig uses in his debate with Christopher Hitchens, Rene Descartes uses a cosmological argument based on our idea of perfection.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 64 de 93

1

There is only one design argument for God's existence and that has been refuted by Darwin.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 65 de 93

1

If it can be demonstrated that people believe that God exists because they are afraid of death, that would prove that God does not exist.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 66 de 93

1

According to Craig, we have historical evidence that Jesus rose from the dead

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 67 de 93

1

An all-powerful being would be able to eliminate evil from the world and morally perfect being would want to. So there is no being who is all-powerful and morally perfect.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • the cosmological argument.

  • the teleological argument.

  • the problem of evil.

  • the watchmaker argument.

Explicación

Pregunta 68 de 93

1

According to Craig, if Jesus rose from the dead, we have evidence of a divine miracle, and therefore evidence of the existence of God.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 69 de 93

1

According to Hitchens, the god portrayed in the Bible is an immoral being.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 70 de 93

1


Like Russell, Hitchens doesn't think people believe in God because of the evidence.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 71 de 93

1

Which of the following is a not a consequentialist moral theory?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • a. utilitarianism

  • b. egoism

  • c. kantianism

  • d. all of the above are consequentialist moral theories

Explicación

Pregunta 72 de 93

1

Which of the following is a descriptive theory?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • ethical egoism

  • deontology

  • utilitarianism

  • psychological egosim

Explicación

Pregunta 73 de 93

1

Mill's primary moral principle is called The Categorical Imperative

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 74 de 93

1

Mill is a moral rationalist

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 75 de 93

1

The reason a good will is good is because it produces happiness

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 76 de 93

1

If a person does the right action because one is motivated by self-interest, the action has moral worth, according to Kant.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 77 de 93

1

If a person does the right action because one is motivated by benevolence, the action has moral worth, according to Kant.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 78 de 93

1

A good will in the philosophical sense, refers to the happy feeling humans experience when they do the right thing.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 79 de 93

1

Kant's primary moral principle is called

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • a. The Categorical Imperative

  • b. The Principle of Utility

  • c. The Ontology Maxism

  • d. None of the above

Explicación

Pregunta 80 de 93

1

John Stuart Mill is

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • An empirist

  • A hedonist

  • A utilitarian

  • All of the above

  • None of the above

Explicación

Pregunta 81 de 93

1

A formal fallacy

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • one that can be detected by examining the formal of the argument:
    The lamp is on, there is power in the outlet
    The lamp is not on
    Therefore there is no power in the outlet
    You can see by the form alone it is invalid

  • can be detected only by examining the content of an argument
    The Brooklyn bridge is made of atoms
    Atoms are invisible

    Therefore the Brooklyn bridge is invisible

Explicación

Pregunta 82 de 93

1

An Informal Fallacy

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • s one that can be detected by examining the formal of the argument:
    The lamp is on, there is power in the outlet
    The lamp is not on
    Therefore there is no power in the outlet
    You can see by the form alone it is invalid

  • can be detected only by examining the content of an argument
    The Brooklyn bridge is made of atoms
    Atoms are invisible
    Therefore the Brooklyn bridge is invisible

Explicación

Pregunta 83 de 93

1

A False Cause fallacy

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • is committed when a writer/speaker attempts to refute another's argument by attacking the person rather than the argument.

  • occurs when a writer/speaker makes an appeal to pity to get a postion accepted.

  • The fallacy that occurs when one draws a conclusion that X caused Y (or x causes y) from the fact that x and y are correlated

    Correlation does not mean causation

  • draws a conclusion about an entire group based on a non-representative sample.

Explicación

Pregunta 84 de 93

1

Limaba claims the rich pay too much in taxes.
His argument is invalid because he is rich.

This is an example of what type of fallacy?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Hasty Generalization

  • Ad Hominem

  • Appeal to ignorance

  • Straw Man

Explicación

Pregunta 85 de 93

1

Appeal to Pity:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • occurs when a writer/speaker makes an appeal to pity to get a postion accepted.

  • The fallacy of drawing a conclusion about an entire group based on a non-representative sample.

  • occurs when one draws a conclusion that X caused Y (or x causes y) from the fact that x and y are correlated

  • The Fallacy of distorting an opponent's argument to make it easier to attack

Explicación

Pregunta 86 de 93

1

Global warming is a myth. Ohio did not have a single day in the 90's all August.
Is an example of:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Straw Man

  • Argumentum to populum

  • Hasty Generalization

  • Begging the question

Explicación

Pregunta 87 de 93

1

Appeal to ignorance occurs whenever a definite conclusion is drawn about a thing from premises that state that nothing has been proven about that thing.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 88 de 93

1

Straw Man is A fav device of the propagandist and the advertiser

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 89 de 93

1

Argumentum to populum is when an argument begs the question if it assumes what the argument tries to prove

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 90 de 93

1

An example of Begging the question would be:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Some triangles are obtuse
    Whatever is obtuse is ignorant

    Therefore, some triangles are ignorant

  • "to allow complete, unfettered freedom of speech it is advantageous to the interest of the state. For it is clearly helpful of the community to have each indv. Freely express his or her own point of view."

  • The few, the proud, the marines

  • Someone argues atheism is true, this means they know that god does not exist. In order to know that he would have to know everything that does exist and know that God is not one of those. So, in order to know atheism is true, one most be omniscient. In order to be so, one must be god. So atheism is self-contradictory.

Explicación

Pregunta 91 de 93

1

An example of a Complex question would be "have you stopped beating your wife?"

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 92 de 93

1

Equivocation:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • presupposes an affirmative answer to an unmasked question.

  • Occurs whenever a word or a phrase is used in at least two distinct sense in a single argument

  • The fallacy of sidetracking the argument from the issue under consideration to a completely different issue

  • occurs when one attempts to win popular assent to a conclusion by arousing enthusiasm in the masses

Explicación

Pregunta 93 de 93

1

The fallacy of sidetracking the argument from the issue under consideration to a completely different issue is:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Equivocation

  • Begging the question

  • Argumentum to populum

  • None of the above

Explicación

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