The various stages of sleep are easily distinguished by
Visible changes in respiration
Changes in motor movements
Changes in the electrical activity of the brain
The quality and quantity of dreams
The transition between wakefulness and sleep is marked by the appearance of which type of EEG waves?
Alpha
Beta
Delta
Theta
You are watching the EEG of a person whose output contains 85% delta wave activity. Your best guess is that this person is
In stage 4 of slow-wave sleep
Dreaming
Making the transition from wakefulness to sleep
In REM sleep
Typically, humans show which pattern of blood flow and cognitive activity during REM sleep
Cortical blood flow is reduced during REM sleep as blood is shunted to the genitals
Cerebral blood flow is low in the primary visual cortex
Cerebral blood flow is high in the visual association cortex and low in the prefrontal cortex
Cerebral blood flow is high in the prefrontal cortex
It may be inappropriate to treat insomnia with benzodiazepines because
Medication withdrawal symptoms can result in increased insomnia
Sleeping medication may lead to daytime hangovers
People with insomnia may be underestimating the amount of time they actually sleep
All of the above are correct
Nightmares that are particularly terrifying occur during
Stage 1 sleep
Stage 2 sleep
Stage 4 sleep
REM sleep
The first day in a new job that is cognitively demanding and which involves the development of new skills, would be expected to
Produce insomnia
Reduce the amplitude of delta activity in the frontal lobes
Increase the need for REM sleep
Increase the amount of time spent that night in slow-wave sleep
A build up of carbon dioxide in the blood is characteristic of the sleep disorder known as
Narcolepsy
Sleep apnea
Somnambulism
Pavor nocturnus
A person who exhibits sudden paralysis may be suffering from
A sleep attack
Hynagogic hallucinations
An episode of cataplexy
Human narcolepsy
Can be treated by using sleep-inducing drugs
Is caused by an absence of orexin in most people with narcolepsy
Involves the intrusion of slow-wave sleep components into the awake state
Is caused by an absence of dopamine in most people with narcolepsy
The occurrence of sleep attacks in narcolepsy can be alleviated by drugs that
Impair the release of orexin in the brain
Block hypocretin 2 receptors in the hypothalamus
Act as catecholamine agonists
Alleviated the symptoms of depression
Weight gain is a common outcome for a person suffering from
Sleep-related eating disorder
REM sleep disorder
The primary function of slow-wave sleep is to
Rest the brain
Promote dreaming
Facilitate brain development
Rest the body
Research has suggested that _____ sleep is important for _____ memory
Slow-wave; non-declarative
REM; declarative
Stage 2; declarative
REM; non-declarative
Prolonged sleep deprivation in humans results in
Impaired concentration
Perceptual illusions
Partial recovery of lost stage 4 sleep
