Physical Science Final Exam

The International System of Units, SI Units, or metrics units of: length, mass, and time are:

The power in SI-Unit is measured in Watt, that is related to energy by being equal to

The energy source most used in the United States is

The two factors that influence energy consumption are:

If you started with a $1,600 investment and you had $12,800 after 6 years, what would be the annual interest rate you received?

What is the amount of power in kilowatts consumed per capita in the United States?

Running a clothes dryer for 90 minutes (1.5 hours) at 1600 Watts will cost about ____ cents if the cost of electricity is 10 cents per kWh:

The growth rate of GDP of a certain country is 3.5% per year. This means that the GDP is doubling every ____

A simple machine, such as a set of pulleys and ropes, known as block and tackle, are devices or tools that multiply applied-force, and changes its direction, at the expense of:

The following statement is describing which of the three Newton's Laws of Motion? When no-net force is acting is acting on an object, if it is at rest it remains at rest, or if it is in motion, it can only move at a constant velocity.

According to Newton's second law of motion, when a net-force acts on an object, the object must be ____

According to Newtons third law, if the push that the car tires give to the road-surface is the action force, the the reaction force is

If a 60 kg person is observed to accelerate at the rate of 4 m/s(^2), the net force responsible for this is

A car having an initial speed of 9 m/s starts to accelerate at the rate of 4 m/s(^2), the final speed after 5.5 seconds is

A car is moving at 22 m/s (50 mph), when driver sees the traffic light turning red and immediately applies the brakes, decelerating at 6 m/s(^2). What is the car's stopping distance, neglecting the driver's reaction times?

If a stone is dropped from a bridge that is 133 m above the water, how long will it take until the stone hits the water?

A ball is projected straight downward with an initial speed of 20 m/s. After 3 seconds, about how fast is it going?

A ball is projected straight up at an initial speed of 24.5 m/s. After 2.5 seconds, what is it's speed?

How much work is required to increase the velocity of a 4 kg car from rest to 5 m/s?

The gravitational potential energy of an object, near the Earth's surface, and the work done to lift the object to the height "h" is given by

From work-KE theorem, what is the speed of a car of mass 2500 kg, after it is pushed by a force of 500 N over a horizontal distance of 10 m?

When a car is braked to a stop, it's kinetic energy is transformed into

Our nose cracker moved back and forth as shown. The kinetic energy will be greatest at what point?
(A -> B -> C)

The efficiency of a lightbulb is the ratio of the

If the energy conversion efficiencies in a 3 step process are 36% for the first step, 44% for the second, and 26% for the third, the overall efficiency is about:

For a fossil fueled electrical generating plant, 10,000 Btus of chemical energy input into the plant will result in about how many Btus of waste heat dumped into the environment if the efficiency of power plant is 35%?

The first law of thermodynamics states that: heat added to the system, plus work done on the system, equals change in the total energy of the system. This statement is based on-

The second law of thermodynamics states that heat energy flows in the direction of

The total R-value of a wall made of different layers of materials is obtained by

When ice crystals form in the clouds,

The R-value of material is not related to its

An object with a very high specific heat will

The efficiency of an electric motor is the ratio of the

For a furnace to provide 80,000 Btu/h of thermal energy to a living space, what should the rate of heat supplied by the fuel be if the furnace efficiency is 65%?

A heat engine ____

The heat transfer by conduction through an area 10ft x 7ft section of the wall, with R-value of 35 (ft^2-F-h/Btu), with temperature difference between the sides change in temperature equaling 10 degrees farenheit, will be

Since the rate of heat transfer by conduction is proportion to the change in temperature, what percent savings in your cooling bill would you expect if you turned the thermostat up from 70 degrees to 74 degrees, and the outside temperature is 95 degrees?

Thermal radiations are electromagnetic waves and like all EM waves are of the type

Normally the phase changes from vapor to liquid to solid takes place in that order when the heat is

85 degrees Fahrenheit is equal to ____ temperature in Kelvin scale

The Carnot efficiency (maximum possible efficiency) of a heat engine operating between 20 degrees C and 2000 degrees C will be about ____. (Note: the temperature must be in Kelvins -> C + 273)

A heat pump will have an efficiency of about ____

What are the percentages of Infra-Red (IR), Ultra Violet (UV), and Visible Light in the solar radiation at the top of the Earth's atmosphere?

The amount of infrared radiation emitted, or absorbed, by an object, apart from the temperature difference with the surroundings, and the surface area, depends also on

What is the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves emitted by a Satellite-TV, that has typically a frequency of 12 GHz? (GHz= 10^9 Hz)

Specific heat of a substance is defined as the

How much heat energy is required to increase the temperature of 3 kg of water from room temperature of 20 degrees C to the boiling point 100 degrees C? (Specific heat of water in SI units is C= 4186 J/kg*C)

What produces the cooling in a refrigerator?

The geothermal heat, that is, the heat from the interior of the earth, can be used to warm or cool a house

A wall of a typical house is made of six layers with R-values given in (ft^2- F - h/Btu); from interior dead air later (R1= 0.68), 0.5 in sheetrock (R2= 0.45), 5.5 in fiberglass insulation (R3= 19), 0.5 in plywood (R4= 0.63), exterior dead air layer (R5 = 0.68). If temperature difference between outside and inside is 22 degrees F, and the total area of the wall is 360 ft^2 the rate of heat transfer by conduction is ____.

The Carnot efficiency of a heat engine operating between 21 degrees C and 1200 degrees C will be about

Amount of heat and temperature of an object are different because amount of heat depends on the

The first law of thermodynamics is related to the

To keep an iced drink cold for the longest time, what color cup would you use?

Suppose it takes 48,000 Btu to heat up the water in a tank. If the heating element has an output of 2,800 W, then how long will it take to heat up the water, assuming no extra heat losses?

The existence of the four seasons, in the mid-latitude locations, is due to the

Heat transfers by all three ways; conduction, convection, and radiation; are directly proportional to the....

The optimal angle of tilt, from the horizontal, for a south facing flat-plate solar collector, or photovoltaic cells panel, in a location with the latitude of 50.5 degrees N, for the purpose of solar panels installation is

What is the main advantage of using thermal mass, in the form of thick concrete floor, or Trombe wall, in a direct-gain passive solar system?

During what season will more insolation be delivered to a vertical south-facing window on a clear day?

The insolation in a certain location is 900 W/m^2 and 85% of this is direct component on the collector. If a useful rate of energy needed for cooking is 150 W, then what area of the solar collector oven in the form of parabolic mirror is needed to intercept this amount of radiation, take the efficiency to 20%?

Determine the collector area needed to heat 554 lbs of water (80 gallons), in one day, from 50 degrees F to 130 degrees F, if the insolation is 1700 Btu/d/ft^2 and the FPC efficiency is 48%.

The main difference between transverse and longitudinal waves is that transverse waves

A typical microwave generates the electromagnetic waves of frequency 2.45 GHz (1 Giga= 10^9). The wavelength of the radio wave corresponding to the frequency is

In prospection for ore by gravimetric method, (to measure the variation of g=9.8 m/s^2 on the earths surface at a fixed height) how do you distinguish between petroleum and ore?

When seismic waves (or light waves) travel from one medium into another medium with different wave-speed, what is the difference between reflection and refraction, at the interface between the two media?

What is the main difference between electromagnetic waves and sound waves?

The magnitude of gravitational attraction between a 135 kg-person and a 290,000 kg-door of a bunker, with 0.2 m distance between their centers of mass is ____. (G= 6.674 x 10^-11 n*m2/kg2)

In a fractionating tower of an oil-refinery, where crude oil is heated from the bottom to separate different hydrocarbon constituents, what is the least volatile constituent of crude oil? That is, the component with the highest boiling point?

The longevity of a fossil-fuel reserve is determined by the ratio of

Pressure on a surface inside a fluid is due to the

Static pressure at a depth h below the surface of a fluid is given by

A swimming pool has a depth of 2.5 m. What is the gauge pressure at the bottom of this pool, in psi? (Density of water is pw= 1000 kg/m3)

The normal blood pressure is expressed as 80 to 120 mm-of-mercury, which are gauge pressure values. When these values are converted into psi they become ____

A balloon in the air is buoyed up by a force equal to the

What is the buoyant force on a 3 ton ship that is floating in the sea?

Why do you expect photochemical smog to be a greater problem in a city like Los Angeles than in a heavily industrialized city like Pittsburgh?

The acidity of rain, or other solutions, is measured by the pH number scale that varies from 0 to 14. What does a pH number represent?

The pressure exerted on your finger if you hold up a 15 lb box of apples, if the contact surface of your finger is 0.25 in x 0.25 in, would be ____

Suppose it takes 38,500 Btu to heat up water in a tank. If the heating element has an output power of 2,500 W, then how long would it take to heat up the water, assuming no extra heat losses? (1 Btu= 1055 Joules, 1 Watt = 1 Joule per second, 1 hour = 3600 s)

During which season will more insolation be delivered to a vertical south facing window on a clear day?

The optimum angle of tilt from the horizontal, for a flat plate solar collector, or panels of photovoltaic cells, both facing South, in a location with a latitude of 50.5 degrees North, for the purpose of solar panel installations is

The measure of the angle of position of the sun from the South direction is called the

If the insolation (I) upon a flat plate collector is 890 (Btu/ft2*day), how large must the area A of the collector be to provide (Q/t= 12,400 Btu/hr of thermal energy for one day (24 hours)? Take the collector efficiency to be 57.5% (Note: Btu/h is related to I A and E by Q/t = I*A*E)

The acidity of rain, or a solution, is measured by the pH number, that varies from 0 to 14, what does a pH number represent?

Pressure on a surface is defined as

Pressure on a surface inside a fluid is caused by

Static pressure at a depth h in a fluid is given by

Atmospheric pressure, at sea level, is 14.7 psi, the gauge pressure of an automobile tire is 38 psi, the absolute pressure of this tire in Pascal is..... (Note: 1 psi = 6895 Pa)

A balloon in the air is buoyed up by a force equal to the ___

Which of the following air pollutants is emitted in about equal amounts by stationary and mobile sources?

Ozone layer in the stratosphere

How much has the global temperature on earth changed over the past 100 years?

One of the fundamentals of electrostatic is that the force between two unlike charges is

Electricity is transmitted from plower plants at ____ to reduce by Joule heating in the transmission lines, which is about 10%.

What quantity is the same for three resistors in a series circuit?

What quantity is the same for three resistors in a parallel circuit?

A circuit consists of one lightbulb of resistance of 144 ohms and another lightbulb of 240 ohms that are wired in series to a 120 V wall socket outlet. What is the current through this circuit?

Two resistors of 144 ohms and 240 ohms are wired in parallel to 120 V wall outlet socket outlet, the current through the 240 ohm resistor will be

The electrostatic force of attraction between two charges of q1= -35 x 10^-6 C and q2 = +69 x 10^-6 C, separated by a distance of 3 m is ___

A high temperature superconductor compounds such as YBCO ____

A lightbulb draws a current of 2.5 amps, when connected to a wall outlet of 120 V. What is the resistance of the bulb?

The resistance of four light bulbs are given below. Which one has the highest wattage?

How much current is drawn by 3240 W electrical appliance operating at 240 V?

What is the cost of running your water heater of power rating 2800 W for 2.5 hours per day, for one year or 365 days, if the electricity costs 12 cents per kWh?

The magnetic field of a bar magnet is similar to that produced by

Alternating current has an advantage over direct current because

A transformer (adaptor) can only operate if

If the current through a 33 ohm resister and a 57 ohm resistor in series is 5 A, then the total voltage drop across both of these resistors will be

What transformer turns-ratio of secondary to primary is required to lower the voltage from 120 V wall socket outlet to 8 V for charging a cell phone?

A bird sitting on a bare high voltage wire is not electrocuted because ____

For a photovoltaic cell of 0.5 V and of area 1 cm2, the maximum output power is 135 mW (mW= 10^-3 W). What is the current provided by this cell?

The site location for a wind turbine is especially important. If the power output goes as the cube of the wind velocity, then which of the following average velocities will give approximately 8 times as much output as 10 mph winds?

If the average wind speed for 24 hours is 16 mph at one site but 13 mph at another site for 12 hours and then 23 mph for 12 hours at another site, how much output can be expected from the first turbine compared to the turbine at the second site?

A 1000 MW power plant is shut down for one day (24 hours). What is the loss of income from this plant if the selling price were 10 cents/kWh (1 MW=10^6 kW).

For the following circuit, with all the bulbs identical, what is true for the brightness of the lights?
l -----------l (A)
l l_____
l (B) l l (C)
l _______ l ____ l

The existence of atom was proposed by Democritus (420 BCE) and at the beginning of the 19th century, John Dolton proved that every element has an atom, by the ____

The discovery of atomic nucleus was made by firing fast moving ____ at a thin gold foil

The isotopes of an element all have the same number of

For the same energy, the most penetrating type of radiations are

The half-life of a radioactive nuclide is the time taken for _____

At 9 am on Monday, a radioactive sample contained 80 million nuclei. At 9 am on Saturday, 2.5 million of these nuclei are left over and has not decayed. The half life of the sample is

The radioactive isotope Cobalt-60 decays into Nickel-60 by beta emission, with a half life of 5.3 years. If we start with 100 gram of Co-60, after how many years will we have only 390 milligrams of it left?

The activity of Carbon-14 in the living organism today is 15.3 disintegrations per minute, per gram. Half-life of Carbon-14 is 5730 years. If the activity of an archaeological sample, due to the carbon-14 is 3.825 disintegrations per min, per gram, how old is the sample?

The binding energy of a Helium nucleus is 4.5 x 10^-12 Joules (28.4 MeV). What is the total binding energy of 4-grams (one mol.) of Helium that has avogadro's number NA= 6.02 x 10^23 of nuclei, when this mass is converted into radiant energy in the interior of the Sun?

The pair production and annihilation refer to the simultaneous production of a particle and its anti-particle by two energetic gamma-ray photons, near a nucleus, and the destruction of a particle and an anti-particle, as a result of collision between them, these particles and anti-particles can be _____

In the following fission reaction, the atomic number Z and mass number of nucleus A of the unknown element Y are:
(0/1)n + (92/235)U --> (53/135)I + (Z/A)Y + (0/2)n

If a light-weight stable nucleus has 12 neutrons, the atomic mass is expected to be _____. (1 atomic mass unit = 1.66 x 10^-27 kg).