History Final

fears of Soviet attack.

hostility to the Truman administration for firing General MacArthur.

the fears and hatreds of many Americans, who were suspicious of things foreign, liberal, internationalist, European, or intellectual.

the threat that Communist-led insurgencies would overthrow the pro-Western governments in developing countries in Asia.

the beats.

rock and roll.

the TV preachers.

teen culture.

the construction of the Berlin Wall

the Cuban missile crisis

the U-2 shoot-down over the USSR

the Bay of Pigs invasion

counterinsurgency strategy.

containment doctrine.

appeasement policy.

anticommunist crusade.

support of a universal health care plan.

selective cutbacks in New Deal programs like farm price supports.

fiscal conservatism.

significant hikes in military spending.

The administration, the House of Representatives, and the Senate all conducted probes of possible subversive activity.

With Truman's blessing, the McCarran Act of 1950 was passed, requiring all Communists to register with the attorney General.

American fears of Communist subversion eased once the Truman administration set up an internal loyalty program.

Rooted in fears of a Soviet invasion, it essentially began as a reaction to revelations that the Russians had the bomb.

domestic and motherly

an equal partner in American democracy

independent and career-oriented

genteel and cultured

growing Russian hostility toward China.

risks of a "missile gap."

threat from internal Communist agents.

dangers of the military-industrial complex.

ideological: both Soviet communism and the "American dream" represented ends and means that the other side hated

historic: the Soviets remembered earlier invasions; the Americans remembered the prewar Nazi-Soviet pact

economic: both the U.S. and USSR were economically devastated after World War II

geopolitical: the Truman administration harbored suspicions about Soviet designs on its neighbors

the automobile, which made the suburbs accessible.

the return of prosperity, which led to the baby boom.

television, which drew Americans toward the centers of cities.

the baby boom, which created a need for housing.

the rise of the West Coast as trend-setter

a return to the southern roots of both black rhythm and blues and white rock ‘n' roll

the shift from rural to urban settings in television shows

the rise of the "Big Apple" (New York City) as the center of the recording and film industries

the Montgomery bus boycott

being jailed in Birmingham

his embrace of pacifism and nonviolence

the "I have a dream" speech

Black Panthers

NAACP

SNCC

CORE

He urged the white community of Little Rock to be reasonable.

He closed all schools in Little Rock to prevent desegregation.

He took the leadership in the desegregation effort and met the Little Rock Nine.

He negotiated a gradual desegregation with President Eisenhower.

Jerry Garcia

Buddy Holly

Elvis Presley

Bob Dylan

King proposed nonviolent confrontation rather than the NAACP's strategy of legal challenges to segregation in the courts.

Direct and often violent confrontation replaced nonviolent passive resistance.

King's rhetorical skills on TV, rather than organized action, caught the nation's attention.

King appealed directly to President Eisenhower to lend his support to efforts to speed up desegregation.

a health insurance program for the elderly.

a medical care program for the poor.

an anti-poverty program.

a funding program to return tax revenues to states.

strike down literacy tests used to block blacks at the polls.

bar discrimination in public accommodations.

prohibit employers from discriminating by race.

prohibit employers from discriminating by sex.

equal access to schools.

racial segregation in public schools.

federal aid to education.

prayer in public schools.

labor union activism

class divisions in America

the civil rights movement

the war in Vietnam

countering antiwar propaganda with a campaign to tell the "real story" in Vietnam.

training United States troops in the "Nine Rules" for understanding Vietnamese culture.

shifting the burden of actual combat to the South Vietnamese.

shifting U.S. military operations from conventional tactics to guerrilla-type combat like that of the Viet Cong.

Jones v. Schafly

Steinam v. United States

Roe v. Wade

Plessy v. Ferguson

ideologue, whose rigidly anti-Communist instincts led him to stand firm against the Soviets.

cold war liberal, committed equally to containment of Communism abroad and an active federal welfare program at home.

pragmatist, who deviated from his own earlier positions in both foreign and domestic policy.

extremist, who deliberately and scornfully criticized hippies and antiwar protesters.

Technology did not distinguish friend from foe.

The U.S. never exploited its technological advantages.

Politicians and the media refused to let the military use its technology effectively.

The Vietnamese peasants were more influenced by the terrorist attacks of the Vietcong than the incomprehensible machines of the Americans.

the UN General Assembly, condemned U.S. aggression against the people of Vietnam.

the UN Security Council, called for both U.S. and North Vietnamese forces to withdraw from South Vietnam.

Congress, authorized President Johnson to take all necessary measures to repel attacks on U.S. forces.

Congress, blocked further commitment of U.S. ground troops without congressional approval.

Association of American Psychiatrists

American Psychological Association

American Psychiatric Association

American Medical Association

They aligned with anti-colonial movements in South Asia.

They conducted a public march in California's Central Valley.

They recruited Robert F. Kennedy for their cause.

They organized a consumer boycott of grapes in supermarkets.

obstruction of justice

lying under oath

abuse of constitutional authority

improper use of federal agencies to harass citizens

with an international peace conference after the defeat of a large U.S. force

with the negotiated withdrawal of U.S. troops according to a treaty with South Vietnam

with the unilateral withdrawal of U.S. troops

with the negotiated withdrawal of U.S. troops according to a treaty with North Vietnam

the assassinations of Robert Kennedy and Martin Luther King, Jr.

the first big urban race riot in Watts.

the Tet offensive in Vietnam.

confrontation in the streets during the Democratic convention.

support for the Lend-Lease Act

opposition to political commitments to other nations

opposition to war

support for the Neutrality Acts

The text ultimately explains the coming of war with Japan by showing how each side came to understand the other's intentions.

Clear evidence now exists that President Franklin Roosevelt knew about and even encouraged the Japanese to attack Pearl Harbor in 1941.

Before Pearl Harbor, the U.S. provided substantial military aid to the British and Russians.

Right up until the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, President Roosevelt was one of the country's most outspoken isolationists.

Montgomery

Rommel

Eisenhower

Patton

banning arms sales to countries at war.

ending its own depression.

staying out of the League of Nations.

granting independence to all American foreign possessions.

Edo.

Hiroshima.

Nagasaki.

Tokyo.

War production rested on the conversion of peacetime industries, so overall economic output grew very little.

Both corporate profits and personal incomes rose, though more-flexible smaller firms and wealthier individuals gained the most.

Worker productivity increased, due more to new job opportunities after a long depression than to any commitment to the war effort.

U.S. achievements in war production proved as important to the Allied victory as success on the battlefield.

a call for a new association of nations.

a commitment to the "Four Freedoms."

the combined approval of Churchill and Roosevelt.

a condemnation of Nazism.

joining collective efforts to block German and Japanese aggression.

reaction to a Japanese takeover of Manchuria with nothing more than refusal to recognize an act that violated international agreements or open-door principles.

becoming a good neighbor to Latin America by using economic influence rather than military intervention.

renouncing collective action and declining to act as a world leader.

Fair Employment Practices Committee

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

Equal Opportunity Bureau

Fair Practices Commission

It brought recovery from the stagnation and unemployment of the Great Depression.

Military life served as a melting pot, as well as taking Americans far from home.

Women found new economic opportunities despite little change in gender attitudes.

Women and minorities felt resentment at being barred from military service.

cutting back welfare and other programs for the poor, to force them to provide for their own needs

keeping interest rates high to increase the money supply

the attempt to increase domestic oil supplies

encouraging, through tax cuts, private sector investment that would create new jobs, thus promoting economic growth and increasing net tax revenues

Soviet Union: both a sharp military build-up and a new arms control treaty

Far East: public rhetoric critical of China's suppression of democratic reform

Middle East: successful retaliation against Libya and Lebanon for terrorist attacks

Central America: an invasion of Panama to rescue American students and prevent a Marxist takeover

busing was unconstitutional and harmful to children.

abortion was a constitutional right of privacy.

affirmative action was unlawful and against the free market.

racial quotas in college admissions were unlawful.

Middle-of-the-road voters turned to Clinton, who painted himself as a moderate.

Worried about growing instability around the world, voters opted for the candidate with experience in foreign affairs.

Voters, in an upbeat mood, rejected the sour criticisms of Bush and Perot and embraced Clinton's optimistic vision for change.

As a southerner and liberal, Clinton rebuilt the traditional Democratic coalition and won a solid majority of both popular and electoral votes.

was unsuccessful, as the predictions of booming tax revenues did not materialize.

fostered a continuing recession, rising interest rates, and a mounting federal deficit.

helped reform Social Security.

included a $98 billion tax increase.

Reagan was kept in the dark; Nixon was kept in the loop.

Unelected individuals were in control; Nixon was in control.

There was little support to impeach Reagan.

All these answers are correct.

reduction in the power and activism of the presidency.

deregulation of the economy.

reduction in spending for social programs.

tax cuts.

organic poisons were transmitted by the needles of drug users.

leaking nuclear radiation caused incurable brain cancers.

a parasite was transmitted in polluted streams.

a virus broke down the human immune system.

malls, as centers of consumer culture, symbolized the private quest for personal fulfillment typical of the 1980s.

religious activists began to relocate Sunday services from traditional churches to the new retail malls.

Ronald Reagan's successful presidential campaign focused on California-style shopping malls.

malls like Horton Plaza caused the decline of downtown business districts.

the death of eight Marines in Iran

the Islamic rebellion in Afghanistan

OPEC oil price increases that drove up inflation to nearly 14 percent

the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan