Spirometry tests assess alveolar ventilation. A FEV/FVC (Forced Expiratory Volume (1s) & Forced Vital Capacity) ratio is usually ❌.
Peak expiratory flow rate (L/min) values of PEFR depend on size, sex and age, but typically a healthy range for adults is ❌ L/min. PEFR tends to be less ❌ to small airways disease.
Obstructive diseases (❌) reduce the expiration ability (reduce ❌ and ❌ ratio.) There is evidence of ❌.
Restrictive diseases (❌, end stages of ❌) reduce the usable capacity (reduce ❌, and ❌ FEV.)
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asthma, COPD, bronchitis
asthma, COPD, bronchitis
reversibility
reversibility