Steps in Recombinant DNA technology:
1. ❌ the DNA segment or gene from remaining DNA
2. Use ❌ to cut and join DNA fragments from 2 different sources
3. ❌ DNA fragments
4. Locate DNA fragments with ❌.

A ❌ confirms the DNA from a gel is the target DNA.
A ❌ is DNA/RNA with a base sequence complementary to a sequence in the gene of interest.
If probes combine at correct spots that confirms the correct ❌.

❌ amplifies a specific piece of DNA via a bacteria cell.
❌ determine what is going to transport DNA into a cell.
❌ allows bacteria to take in foreign DNA.
❌ is the spot to cut plasmid.
❌ is the origin of replication.
❌ screen for prescence of DNA.

❌: wild type
❌: mutant type
❌: only required by prototrophic bacteria
❌: contain all substances required by all bacteria, including auxotrophic

Gene transfer in bacteria:
❌: direct transfer of DNA from on bacterium to another
❌: bacterium takes up free DNA
❌: bacterial viruses take DNA from one bacterium to another

❌ did a Conjugation experiment:
❌: donor cells with the F factor
❌: recipient cells lacking F factor
❌: connection tube

Antibiotic Resistance
❌ comes from the actions of genes located on ❌ that can be transferred naturally
R plasmids have evolved in the past 60 years since the beginning of widespread use of ❌.
The transfer of R plasmids is not restricted to bacteria of the ❌ species.

Gene Expression:
❌: continuously expressed under normal cellular conditions and not regulated
❌: stimulate gene expression
❌: inhibits gene expression
❌: transcriptional unit that contains functionally related genes that include the ❌, ❌, and ❌
❌: not part of the operon, DNA sequence encoding products that affect the operon function, helps control expression of the structural genes of the operon