Which is a disease that was once isolated and rare but is now widespread throughout the world?
Malaria
Smallpox
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Measles
A nurse plans to implement a primary prevention strategy in the community. Which of the following would the nurse most likely complete? (Select all that apply)
Development of a smoke prevention program
Development of a safe patient handling program
Development of a support group for widows
Development of a hospice care program
Development of a hypertension screening program
A Medicare recipient has elected to pay a monthly premium for Medicare that will cover expenses, such as hospital care, skilled nursing care and hospice care. Which of the following parts of Medicare is being described?
Part A
Part B
Part C
Part D
A nurse is applying the ethical principle of non-maleficence. Which of the following describes the action that the nurse is taking?
Administering medications using the “five rights”
Allowing clients to be active participants in their care
Providing patient privacy when delivering care
Referring a client to a physical therapist
Which of the following is an epidemiologic function of the nurse during an epidemic?
Conducting assessment of suspected cases to detect the communicable diseases
Participating in the investigation to determine the source of epidemic
Monitoring the condition of the cases affected by the communicable disease
Educating the community on preventive measures against the disease
A nurse is educating the community about modifiable factors. Which of the following is the nurse most likely to discuss? (select all that apply).
Smoking
Poor diet
Alcohol consumption
age
congenital abnormalities
A nurse using the integrative model for community health promotion. Which of the following best describes how the nurse would apply the dimension of client system?
Studying client-centered initiatives
Concentrating on individual health behaviors
Providing multidimensional nursing care among various levels of clients
Focusing on disease-oriented care
A health educator is trying to change a client’s attitudes about smoking. Which of the following domains would be used?
psychmotor
cognitive
developpmental
affective
A community health nurse is writing an objective. Which of the following would be most appropriate for the nurse to write?
Fifty percent of the eligible women seen in the clinic will return for their scheduled mammogram appointment.
The community will take their children to receive immunizations within 1 month of the immunization due date.
The client will perform a blood sugar test on herself with an accurate blood sugar reading.
Each member of the family will give an insulin injection to the client with accurate dosage 100% of the time for 10 consecutive trials
The nurse is discussing breast self-examination for a postmenopausal client. Which of the following should the nurse let the client know that she can do?
Switch to an annual schedule, because she does not have periods
Continue to palpate monthly, picking her own meaningful date.
Discontinue self-examination, because hormone changes decrease her risks
Wait until her mammogram shows some findings.
The nurse has been working with a 45-year-old African American who bicycles to work. Lab tests show low serum lipids. The nurse knows that the client's risk factors for primary (essential) hypertension include which of the following?
being under age 65
race
low serum lipids
activity lifestyle
The nurse is providing education at a senior center. Which of the following measures will the nurse say is MOST effective in attaining normal blood sugar levels in a client with type 2 diabetes?
Decreasing daily exercise
Increasing potassium and calcium intake
Decreasing sodium intake
Reaching recommended weight
A nurse is working with a group of clients diagnosed with diabetes and is teaching a class about avoiding the long-term effects of diabetes. The nurse begins the class by reviewing the basic physiology of diabetes, which was taught the week before. Which of the following principles of effective education is the nurse using?
Gaining attention
Stimulating recall of prior learning
Presenting the material
Providing learning guidance
A nurse centers his practice around the principle of doing the greatest good for the greatest number. Which of the following ethical principles is being applied?
Utilitarianism
Distributive justice
Social justice
Health disparities
A nurse is completing a community assessment. Which of the following actions would be most likely for the nurse to complete?
Determine the weaknesses of a community
Identify community needs and clarify problems
Perform the core functions of public health nursing
Assess individual needs within a community
A nurse collects data about seat belt usage by interviewing key informants and observing behaviors in the community. Which of the following types of data is being collected?
Participant observation
Quantitative
Qualitative
Focus groups
Community diagnoses are based on
court records
a single method, without bias
the community assessment process
the intuition of the skilled community nurse
A nurse gathers information about the condition of homes, size of lots, neighborhood hangouts, road conditions, and modes of transportation. Which method of data collection is being used?
Informant interviews
Focus group
Windshield survey
Which two substances do rural adolescents use/abuse more than their urban counterparts?
tobacco and alcohol
anabolic steroids and alcohol
anabolic steroids and tobacco
cocaine and tobacco
Compared with urban Americans, rural residents:
are less likely to be exposed to occupational and environmental hazards.
are more likely to engage in preventive health behavior.
have a higher rate of chronic illness.
rate their overall health status more favorably.
A nurse is providing maternal-child care for rural women. The nurse would like to intervene with pregnant women who are at risk for poor health outcomes. Which of the following populations would be the target population for the nurse’s care?
Caucasians who live in remote areas
Latinos who live in urban environments
Those who live on or near Indian reservations
Those who seek health from general practitioners
A nurse is planning interventions that will be used when providing care for a rural client. Which of the following characteristics of rural life should the nurse anticipate? (Select all that apply.)
Higher prevalence of high-risk occupations
Lack of anonymity
Churches and schools as socialization centers
Preference for interacting with outsiders
increase mobility
A nurse utilizes the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC’s) Healthy Communities Program. Which of the following factors should the nurse recognize that will influence the continuance of this program?
Federal involvement
Time
Community participation
technology
Traditionally, what level of prevention has been linked with health promotion?
primary
secondary
tertiary
higher
Which of the following is an example of high-level wellness?
keeping up a level of perfect physical health
recovering quickly from a broken arm
following an imposed physical training regimen for someone else's benefit
managing one's chronic illness while living a happy life, doing the most one can
What factor among the following can influence food choice?
distance from grocery store
connivence foods
lack of exercise
mortality statstics
What cognitive factor has been shown to be important to clients' health-promoting behaviors?
control
access to care
demographics
environment
The Healthy Cities movement focuses on
providing hospitals in urban areas.
promoting health and preventive health in urban areas
funding city governments to demolish old housing
moving residents out of areas in the city center
Healthy Communities and Cities is based on which of the following premises?
When health professionals assume a leadership role, the health of the community will improve.
When the health of a community is improved, the focus will be on life expectancy rather than quality of life.
When people have the opportunity to work out their own locally defined health problems, they will find sustainable solutions to those problems
When cities recruit enough health professionals to care for those needing medical care, the cities health will improve
Which of the following is the best description of the focus of transcultural nursing?
holistic and comprehensive ways to know and serve immigrants
holistic and comprehensive ways to know and serve people of diverse cultures
holistic and comprehensive ways to know and serve in your own community
holistic and comprehensive ways to know and serve an individual through the life cycle
What is a cultural barrier?
varying cultural ways to prevent illness
geographic limits of a culture
an obstacle that prevents cooperation between cultures
social structures defending cultures from subcultures
What was established by the 1960s' amendments to the Social Security Act of 1935?
Medicare and Medicaid
indemnity insurance
Blue Cross insurance
health insurance for federal employees
Which of the following is a factor that has contributed to high and rising health costs?
American belief in the value of individualism
increased government health care payments
increased prosperity
increased reliance on private funding
Which of the following is a strategy to contain the cost of health care?
investing in advanced technology
providing patients with the drugs marketed by pharmaceutical companies
practicing defensive medicine
focusing on prevention of illness rather than on treatment
The nurse provides footwear and gloves to leprosy clients to prevent trauma to their insensitive and deformed hands and feet. Which of the following best describes the intervention used by the nurse?
Secondary level of prevention
Primary level of prevention
Tertiary level of prevention
primary healthcare
Which of the following best describes "ethical dilemma"?
a problem that can be solved by community advocacy
a situation that requires more than one person to solve
problem that is insoluble
a situation where rights or obligations conflict
What major infectious disease was eradicated by the World Health Organization (WHO)?
polio
smallpox
yaws
Tuberculosis
A nurse is employed by an agency that addresses global health needs. Which of the following roles is the nurse most likely to provide? (Select all that apply.)
Direct patient care for members of the community
Knowledge and skill in countries where nursing is an organized profession
Consultation to auxiliary personnel
Facilitation of education and health promotion within the community
Medications and vaccines for worldwide use
Which of the following is an example of a public health prevention policy?
higher cigarette taxes
funding for building hospitals
managed care health systems
higher deductions for Social Security
Which federal government component is responsible for enforcing the Occupational Safety and Health Act?
U.S. Department of Labor
U.S. Department of Education
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
U.S. Public Health Service Corps
Issuing professional licenses for nurses is controlled by what level of authority?
Municipal
Federal
State
Judicial
A client eats a nutritious, balanced diet on a daily basis to keep the current state of health. This is described as _____ behavior.
Health protective
Health maintenance
Health promotion
Illness prevention
A client would like to enroll in a smoking cessation program. Which type of nursing center would be most likely to provide this type of programming?
Special Care
wellness
Comprehensive Primary Care
Academic Nursing
An example of tertiary prevention is:
Parenting education
Rehabilitative job training
Testicular self-examination
Family counseling
Immunization for measles is an example of:
Tertiary prevention
secondary prevention
primary prevention
In which situation would a nurse be using the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)?
When counseling an employee that his insurance will remain the same after changing jobs
When an employee takes additional time off of work to care for a sick family member
When supervising staff to ensure that all work has been completed
When adhering to client confidentiality when providing care
Screening for hearing defects is an example of:
Primary prevention
Secondary prevention
The biomedical model defines health as the
Protection from illness and disease states
Promotion of healthy behaviors
Absence of disease
Avoidance of illness
The factors, exposures, characteristics, and behaviors that determine patterns of disease are described using:
Descriptive epidemiology
Determinants
Analytic epidemiology
Distribution
The steps of the Community Health Promotion Model resemble the
CDC’s monitoring program
WHO’s Ottawa Charter
Nursing process
Collaboration process
The wearing of seat belts is required in many communities. Children of a certain age must be restrained in a car seat or seat belt when riding in a car. This is an example of:
Healthy public policy
Media interest in protecting the public
Participation in health fairs
Unilateral action of lawmakers
West Nile Virus is an example of which of the following types of illness?
Zoonoses
Waterborne
Vectorborne
Foodborne
What is the best method for preventing hospital-acquired infections?
Isolate every patient having surgery.
Prevention is almost impossible due to the high infection rates in hospitals
Perform good hand washing before and after approaching every patient
Use contact isolation for every patient at risk
Which type of hepatitis would likely be found where sanitation is inadequate?
A
B
C
D
A nurse administers a rabies immunization post-exposure to an animal bite. Considering the interventions used with infectious disease, which of the following levels of prevention is being used?
Assessment
A nurse refers a client with a neuromuscular disease to a vocational rehabilitation program. Which of the following best describes the action of the nurse?
A community health nurse is prioritizing health-promotion activities with the local rural community. An understanding of the health status and health risks of the rural community would lead the nurse to give priority to:
motor vehicle and farm accident prevention project and prenatal care outreach program
aerobic exercise classes and an exercise class for seniors with arthritis
English as a second language program using health promotion literature as reading materials
mentoring program to increase adult literacy
A district health nurse is assigned to two rural communities in the state. To achieve the best outcomes possible in reducing the health disparities for the large number of frail elderly clients in the two counties, the nurse should consider using what community-oriented nursing approach?
Geriatrics
Case Management
Depression among rural residents appears to be more persistent and endemic. Which of the following factors may contribute to this level of depression? (Select all that apply.)
Delays in seeking mental health services
High rate of poverty
Gaps in the continuum of mental health services
Tolerance for destructive coping mechanisms
Sufficient number of mental health services
Scientific and medical advancements have affected the practice of public health and community-oriented nursing throughout history. An advancement in recent years that best exemplifies a public health impact in relation to community-oriented nursing practice is:
Health information privacy practices
generic formative
genomics
point-of-care technology
In today's health care reform discussions, the central issue that relates most directly to community-oriented nursing practice would be:
access to comprehensive health promotion services
educational preparation of public health nurses
reimbursement rates for primary care services
universal health care coverage
With the history as our guide, the factor that would be most significant in ensuring the development of a comprehensive approach to improving health status of American is:
improved primary care and public health efforts
IOM's report, the Future of Public Health (1988)
Nurse-managed centers
passage of laws to prohibit unhealthy behaviors.
The most important focus of community-oriented nursing practice is:
Head Start programs
immunization programs
maternal-child health programs
programs for disadvantaged and vulnerable populations
A nurse has been newly appointed as commissioner of the state health department services. the programs the nurse will most likely include:
administration of Medicare reimbursement rates and eligibility determination.
programs involving citizens in the local community, including sanitation and communicable disease contact tracing.
disaster response, health care financing and administration of programs such as Medicaid, and establishment of health codes
monitoring of drugs and over-the -counter products available for sale and use by consumers
The U.S. public health system is operated at three distinct levels with collaboration and interface across all levels. The agency that assumes the responsibility for regulating health care and overseeing the health status of Americans is the:
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS)
Department of Homeland Security
Local Health department
State department of health
Canada is the leader in promoting a population health framework. Using such a framework, a state health department nurse with budgetary responsibility would determine that funding priorities should focus on:
chronic disease surveillance and treatment programs.
pediatric and adolescent primary care and nutrition programs.
promotion of healthy lifestyles or improvement of social and physical environments
well and sick clinics
The most important features of the Affordable Health Care Act for America of 2010 that the community-oriented nurse needs to understand to provide resource information to clients are that the Act:
provides insurance reform
increases access to affordable health care insurance.
transforms the health care system from a sick care system to health care system.
uses piecemeal approach to strengthen the safety net.
replaces the rational equitable health care system
The WHO initiative Health for All in the 21st century can best be described as which of the following?
Social justice initiative
Primary care initiative
National initiative
Environmental initiative
To understand the causes of health and disease, epidemiology studies:
indiviudals
groups
families
populations
The most chronic blood-borne infection in the United States is:
hepatitis A
hepatitis B
hepatitis C
HIV
The case rate of new TB is highest among which ethnicity in the United States?
African American
Native American
Asian American
White American
The most common reportable infectious disease in the United States is:
gonorrhea
syphilis
Herpes
Chylamidia
A nurse is examine a child in the earl stages of HIV infection. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find?
Failure to thrive and developmental delays
Kaposi's sarcoma and developmental delays
Toxoplasmosis and oral candidiasis
Fatigue and shortness of breath
A nurse counsels a client to have the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA) test. Which of the following best describes the rationale for this test?
To indicate the presence of the antibody to HIV
To reveal whether or not the client has AIDS
To isolate the HIV
To confirm HIV after having a positive Western blot
A nurse is working in a public health center. a patient who has been newly diagnosed as HIV positive comes for counseling. By law, which of the following actions must be taken by the nurse?
Give antiviral medications to the patient
Ask the person to name all of his or her sexual contacts
Refer the patient to the social worker as someone possibly needing case management
Report the HIV-infected person to the state health department
