The process of intensified compression and increasing consciousness of the world

The rapid expansion and intensified consciousness of the world

The homogenisation of global cultures

The system of intensified compression and increasing consciousness of the world

The phenomenon altering time and space relations due to the rapid increase in technology allowing communication to travel faster, making the world seem smaller

The earth is slowly moving closer to the sun, causing space to appear more compressed and time to speed up

Two-way flow/process of globalisation

when you move further away from the core of 'civilisation,' society becomes more backwards

Postcolonialism is ideological, while post-colonialism is temporal

With post-colonialism, countries can still be culturally and economically neo-colonised, but formally decolonised. Postcolonialism on the other hand, is completely free of its colonisers influence

Postcolonialism is characterised by different experiences within/between countries, while post-colonialism is concerned with the education, literature, and linguistic experience

Postcolonialism is the process of decolonisation, while post-colonialism is the result of decolonisation

A new way of analysing text by re-reading traditional English literature for colonial themes and discourse and the analysis of representations of colonised subjects

"Ways that representations and modes of perception are used as fundamental weapons of colonial power to keep colonised people subservient to colonial rule." It is the colonisation of the mind

It emphasises unity in diversity, making specific, national differences less important than grand, abstract, universal concerns through a humanist approach

Those in the lowest social position, outside hegemonic power structures of colonial powers

Those in the highest social position, operate within the hegemonic power structure but oppose colonial powers

Indigenous language that has been marginalised and associated with backwardness and barbarianism

Language or dialect used often only by those in the lowest social position as a result of colonial language policy

Different cultures develop and adopt similar characteristics as a result of cultural exchange, not independently as previously believed

Modernity and modernism is a western phenomena and that it is incorporated by non-western cultures

Everything obeys the laws of market

Societies take on patterns of rationalisation, breaking down tasks into smaller tasks for production

How people use context to understand knowledge of human behaviour needed to interpret interactions

How people use their knowledge of human behaviour to understand the context of interactions

How people use interactions to interpret to understand the context of human behaviours

How people use their knowledge of communications to avoid misunderstandings

Language used for communication between speakers that do not share a native tongue

Language spoken around the world by populations other than those associated with them

Language spoken by most of the worlds population, serving as a medium of literacy and other forms of cultural life

Language of public signage

Progressive territorial expansion, exploitation of bodies, and colonisation of the mind

Conservative ideology, territorial expansion, and exploitation of resources

Reactionary political ideology, exploitation of resources, and expansion of power

Linguistic, colonisation of the mind, and capitalist economy

That post-colonial nations with linguistically diverse citizens recognise the importance of European languages for wider communication

An explanation of perceived language and use, such as beliefs about articulation and rationalisation or justification

An investigation of social and ideological significance of language and conception in nature of language and use

It underpins ethnic struggles

Inherently global feature, motivated by art for art's sake

Art ties in with economics and politics,a representation of primitivism and/or cultural heritage and identity

Refers to culture and globalisation were we ascribe more value to art, defamiliarise subjects, and challenge the ideological hegemony

Art occurs all around the world, often serving religious functions, capturing the essence of the subject in the images and therefore controlling them

Generic, emblematic, and representational

Characteristic, symbolic, and representational

Idiosyncrasy, emblematic, and represntation

Symbolic, rendering, and depction

The socio-psychological effects of colonialism and the objectification of people with different skin colour

The socio-psychological effect of colonialism and the stripping of natural resources and exploitation of colonised lang and people

The psychological impact of linguistic imperialism and colonial language policy on the indigenous people

The psychological impact on society as a result of globalisation and the implementation of capitalist economic systems

Relative, absolute, and intrinsic

Comparative, definitive, and intrinsic

Relative, definitive, and inherent

Definitive, intrinsic, and inherent

Caused by cross-culturally different assessments of social distance, power relations, rights and obligations, impositions, taboo subjects etc. It is associated with the cross-culture iceberg because some cultural context is primarily in awareness but most out of awareness

Force assigned to a certain linguistic structure which does not correspond to the normally assigned one in a native culture

Teacher-induced error; transfer is done in the preferred way of native language, which is not how it would be commonly said in the target language

The blurring of boundaries between humans, animals, and technology

The importance of quantifying self

Identity is unstable and fragmented

The increasing importance of space relations

Individual human enhancement

Creating new life and genetic modification

Creating artificial life forms

All of the above

Minority members

Religious leaders

External powers

None of the above

Diasporas

Multimedia

Education

International organisation/external influences agendas

Internal divisions

Ethnic/linguistic threat