Jessica Bulley
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Week 9 - Cardiovascular

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Jessica Bulley
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Week 9 - Cardiovascular

Pregunta 1 de 48

1

The pumps blood to the lungs (the ) where gas exchange occurs, ie. the blood collect oxygen from the airsacs and excess carbon dioxide diffuses into the airsacs for .
The pumps blood into the , which supplies the rest of the body. Here, are passed into the blood for excretion, and body cells extract nutrients and oxygen.

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

    right side of the heart
    Pulmonary circulation
    exhalation
    left side of the heart
    systemic circulation
    tissue wastes

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 48

1

The right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs (the Pulmonary circulation) where gas exchange occurs, ie. the blood collect oxygen from the airsacs and excess carbon dioxide diffuses into the airsacs for exhalation.
The left side of the heart pumps blood into the systemic circulation, which supplies the rest of the body. Here, tissue wastes are passed into the blood for excretion, and body cells extract nutrients and oxygen.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 48

1

The left side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs (the Pulmonary circulation) where gas exchange occurs, ie. the blood collect oxygen from the airsacs and excess carbon dioxide diffuses into the airsacs for exhalation.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 48

1

Should the supply of oxygen and nutrients to body cells become inadequate ....

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • tissue damage occurs and cell death may follow.

  • the mitochondria will regenerate and supply additional energy.

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 48

1

Arteries and Arteriorioles transport blood away from the heart. Their walls consist of three layers of tissue - an outer layer of fibrous tissue, middle layer of smooth muscle and elastic tissue and an inner lining called endothelium.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 48

1

Arteries have thicker walls than veins to withstand the high pressure of arterial blood.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 48

1

The smallest arterioles break up into a number of minute vessels called...

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Capillaries

  • Veins

  • Venules

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 48

1

Capillary walls consist of a single layer of endothelial cells sitting on a very thin basement membrane.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 48

1

Capillary walls consist of a single layer of fibrous tissue sitting on a very thin basement membrane.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 48

1

The capillary bed is the site of exchange of substances between the blood and the tissue fluid, which bathes the body cells and, with the exception of those on the skin surface and in the cornea of the eye, every body cell lies close to a capillary.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 48

1

In certain places, including the Liver and bone marrow, the capillaries are significantly wider and leakier than normal. These are called Sinusoids and because their walls are incomplete and their lumen is much larger than usual, blood flows through them more slowly under less pressure and can come directly into contact with the cells outside the sinusoid wall. This allows must faster exchange of substances between the blood and the tissues.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 48

1

Capillary refill - when the skin is pressed firmly with a finger, which turns white because the blood in the capillaries under the finger has been squeezed out. A prolonged capillary refill time can suggest poor perfusion or dehydration.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 48

1

Veins return blood at pressure to the heart. The walls of the veins are than arteries but have the same three layers of . They are thinner because there is less in the as veins carry blood at a lower pressure than .

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

    low
    thinner
    tissue
    muscle and elastic tissue
    tunica media
    arteries

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 48

1

Some veins possess valves, which prevent backflow of blood, ensuring that it flows towards the heart.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 48

1

are abundant in the veins of the limbs, especially the where blood must travel a considerable distance against when the individual is .

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

    Valves
    lower limbs
    gravity
    standing

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 48

1

Vascular capacitance refers to degree of active constriction of vessels (mainly veins) which affects return of blood to the heart and thus cardiac output.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 48

1

Veins are called because they are distensible, and therefore have the capacity to hold a of the body's blood. At any one time, about of the body's blood is in the venous system. This allows the vascular system to absorb sudden changes in blood .

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

    capacitance vessels
    large proportion
    two-thirds
    volume

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 48

1

At any one time, about one-third of the body's blood is in the venous system. This allows the vascular system to absorb sudden changes in blood volume.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 48

1

Thin-walled blood vessels receive oxygen and nutrients via....

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • diffusion from the blood passing through them

  • osmosis of the plasma

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 48

1

The smooth muscle of the tunica media of veins and arteries is supplied by nerves of the autonomic nervous system. These nerves arise from the ....

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Medulla Oblongata and they change the diameter of blood vessels controlling the volume of blood they contain.

  • Hypothalamus and they change the diameter of blood vessels controlling the volume of blood they contain.

Explicación

Pregunta 21 de 48

1

Blood vessel diameter is regulated by the smooth muscle of the tunica media, which is supplied by sympathetic nerves of the autonomic nervous system.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 22 de 48

1

Constant adjustment of blood vessel diameter helps to regulate peripheral resistance of systemic blood pressure.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 23 de 48

1

Oxygen is carried from the lungs to the tissues in combination with ....

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • haemoglobin as oxyhaemoglobin.

  • plasma through diffusion.

Explicación

Pregunta 24 de 48

1

Blood transports carbon dioxide to the lungs for excretion by three different mechanisms:

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • dissolved in the water of the blood plasma - 7%

  • in chemical combination with sodium in the form of sodium bicarbonate - 70%

  • remainder in combination with haemoglobin - 23%

  • dissolved in the peripheral blood in nutrients - 7%

Explicación

Pregunta 25 de 48

1

The including glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins and mineral salts required by all body cells are transported round the body in the . They through the capillary walls in the tissues. Water exchanges between the plasma and tissue fluid by osmosis.

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

    nutrients
    blood plasma
    diffuse
    semi-permeable
    freely

Explicación

Pregunta 26 de 48

1

The two main forces determining overall fluid movement across the capillary wall are the (blood pressure), which tends to push fluid of the blood stream, and the of the blood, which tends to back in, and is due mainly to the prescence of plasma proteins, especially albumin.

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

    hydrostatic pressure
    out
    osmotic pressure
    pull it

Explicación

Pregunta 27 de 48

1

The lies in the cavity in the (the space between the lungs). It lies , a little more to the than the , and presents a base , and an apex .

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

    Heart
    thoracic
    mediastinum
    obliquely
    left
    right
    above
    below

Explicación

Pregunta 28 de 48

1

The heart wall is composed of three layers of tissue -

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • pericardium, myocardium and endocardium

  • pericardium, capillaries and endocardium

Explicación

Pregunta 29 de 48

1

The is the layer and is made up of sacs. The outer sac (the pericardium) consists of and the inner (the pericardium) of a continuous double layer of .

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

    Pericardium
    outermost
    two
    fibrous
    fibrous tissue
    serous
    serous membrane

Explicación

Pregunta 30 de 48

1

The Myocardium is composed of specialised cardiac muscle found only in the heart. It is striated, like skeletal muscle, but it is not under voluntary control.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 31 de 48

1

Endocardium lines the of the heart. It is a thin, smooth to ensure of blood through the heart. It consists of and it is continuous with the endothelium lining the .

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

    chambers and valves
    membrane
    smooth flow
    endothelial cells
    blood vessels

Explicación

Pregunta 32 de 48

1

The heart is divided into a right and left side by the septum, a partition consisting of myocardium covered by endocardium.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 33 de 48

1

Each side of the heart is divided by an atrioventricular valve into the upper atrium and the ventricle below.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 34 de 48

1

Each side of the heart is divided by an into the upper and the below.
The right atrioventricular valve is called the , and the left atrioventricular valve is called the .

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

    atrioventricular valve
    atrium
    tricuspid valve
    mitral valve
    ventricle

Explicación

Pregunta 35 de 48

1

Each side of the heart is divided by an atrioventricular valve into the upper atrium and the ventricle below.
The right atrioventricular valve is called the tricuspid valve, and the left atrioventricular valve is called the mitral valve.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 36 de 48

1

The valves between the atria and ventricles open and close passively according to changes in pressure in the chambers. They open when the pressure in the atria is greater than that in the ventricles.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 37 de 48

1

The valves between the atria and ventricles open and close according to changes in pressure in the . They open when the pressure in the atria is than that in the ventricles.

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

    passively
    chambers
    greater

Explicación

Pregunta 38 de 48

1

The two largest veins of the body, the superior and inferior vena cava, empty their contents into the right atrium.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 39 de 48

1

Blood passes through the into the , and from there is pumped into the . The opening of the Artery is guarded by the , which prevents the of blood into the right ventricle when the ventricular muscle ,
After leaving the heart, the pulmonary artery divides into left and right pulmonary artieries, which carry the to the lungs where exchanges of gases take place: is excreted and is absorbed.

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

    Right Atrioventricular valve
    carbon dioxide
    oxygen
    Right Ventricle
    Pulmonary Artery
    Pulmonary
    Pulmonary Valve
    backflow
    relaxes
    venous blood

Explicación

Pregunta 40 de 48

1

The vagus nerve supplies mainly the SA and AV nodes and atrial muscle.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 41 de 48

1

nerves supply the SA and AV and the of atria and ventricles, and stimulation increases the of the heartbeat.

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

    Sympathetic
    nodes
    myocardium
    rate and force

Explicación

Pregunta 42 de 48

1

At rest, the healthy adult heart is likely to beat at a rate of

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • 60-80 beats per minute

  • 40-80 beats per minute

Explicación

Pregunta 43 de 48

1

Stages of the cardiac cycle -
1. - contraction of the atria
2. - contraction of the ventricles
3. - relaxation of the atria and ventricles

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

    Atrial Systole
    Ventricular systole
    Complete cardiac diastole

Explicación

Pregunta 44 de 48

1

A faster heart rate is called

A slower heart rate is

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

    Tachycardia
    Bradycardia

Explicación

Pregunta 45 de 48

1

The cardiac output is the amount of blood ejected from each ventricle every minute.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 46 de 48

1

The is the amount of blood ejected from each ventricle every minute.

The amount expelled by each contraction of each ventricle is the .

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

    cardiac output
    stroke volume

Explicación

Pregunta 47 de 48

1

= x Heart Rate

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

    Cardiac input
    Stroke Volume

Explicación

Pregunta 48 de 48

1

The stroke volume is determined by the volume of blood in the ventricles immediately before they contract.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación