What type of chromosome does G-banding "line-up"?
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Prophase
What stain does G-banding use?
Giemsa
Chrome red
Methyl-blue
Green
G-banding can only detect large abnormalities. True or false?
What does FISH stand for?
Fluorescent in situ hybridization
Fluorescent in site hydrolysis
Familial in situ hybridization
Familial in situ hydrolysis
You don't need to know what abnormality you are looking for when using FISH. True or false?
Why do you need to know what abnormality you are looking for when using FISH?
Because it uses fluorescent probes to bind to specific sequences
Because it used restriction enzymes marked with fluorescent probes to cut DNA at a specific sequence
How can you tell if there is an abnormality using the FISH technique?
Because some of the markers will not light up as they have not been able to anneal to bits of DNA sequence as they are missing
Because all of the markers will light up because there are specific sequences of DNA that cause genetic disorders
Because if there were no abnormalities the markers would not show up at all
FISH can show slightly smaller abnormalities than G-banding, but they still have to fairly large. True or false?
What does QF-PCR stand for?
Quantitative fluorescence Polymerase Chain Reaction
Qualitative fluorescence polymerase chain reaction
Quantitative familial polymerase chain reaction
Qualitative familial polymerase chain reaction
What is QF-PCR used to detect?
Trisomy syndromes
Abnormalities in chromosome size
Deletion syndromes
Abnormalities in chromosome banding
What is the name for trisomy 13?
Pattau's syndrome
Edward's syndrome
Down's syndrome
What is the name for trisomy 18?
What is the name for trisomy 21?
Which biological technique is quickest?
FISH
G-banding
QF-PCR
You have to know what abnormality you are looking for when using QF-PCR. True or false?
What sort of abnormalities does array-CGH detect?
Larger abnormalities
Smaller abnormalities
What is DNA labelled with in array-CGH?
Fluorescent dye
Coloured markers
Radiation
What does the CGH in array-CGH stand for?
Comparative genomic hybridization
Comparative genomic hydrolysis
Comparative genetic hybridization
Comparative genetic hydrolysis
How can you tell if there is an abnormality in the DNA when using array-CGH?
The relative fluorescence of the sample and control strand will be different
The relative radiation of the sample and control strand will be different
The length of the sample and control strand will be different when run through gel electrophoresis
Which two molecular biological techniques look at the actual base sequence when looking for genetic abnormalities?
Array-CGH
Sanger sequencing
Next generation sequencing
Which of the following is cheaper and less time consuming?
Why do we only sequence exons when using sanger sequencing?
Because the introns do not code for proteins so are not important to us
Because it is time consuming and expensive
Because introns rarely have mutations that cause genetic diseases
Because we are unable to isolate the introns to sequence them
What machine is used in sanger sequencing to read the sequence of bases?
An electropheragram
A Geiger counter
A microscope
Not all changes to the base sequence cause disease. True or false?
Why is it better to use next generation sequencing when you don't know what you are looking for?
Because it is easy to sequence a whole genome
Because sanger sequencing would take too long
Because next generation sequencing is more accurate
Because next generation sequencing is less expensive
