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Most cystic hygromas involve the lymphatic jugular sacs and present in the posterior neck region. What are the other common sites?
axillary and retroperitoneal regions
thoracic wall and abdominal wall
mediastinum and bones
they can be found only the posterior neck region
Where do we search for a thyroglossal duct cyst?
the posterior neck region
along the midline of the neck
along the sternocleidomastoid muscle border
all of the above
In the embryonic stage of development the thyroid gland descends to its normal pretracheal position. Failure of normal caudal migration of the thyroid gland results in
agenesis of the thyroid gland
formation of two thyroid glands
thyroid hemiagenesis
a lingual thyroid
What is the standard operation for thyroglossal duct cysts?
no treatment is needed if the cyst is asymptomatic
a simple incision of the cyst is enough
complete excision of the cyst in continuity with its tract together with the central portion of the hyoid bone
complete excision of the cyst in continuity with its tract and removal of the whole hyoid bone
Where do we search for the branchial cleft remnants?
the lateral neck region
just below the hyoid bone
none of the above
All branchial remnants are present at the time of birth: however, they are often not recognized until later in life. How can these lesions manifest?
sinuses
fistulas
cartilaginous rests
cysts
How many pairs of branchial arches form the structures of the head and neck?
four pairs
five pairs
six pairs
seven pairs
The second branchial cleft remnants are the most common type. What is their location?
in the front or back of the ear
in the upper neck near the mandible
along the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
in the suprasternal notch
in the clavicular region
What is the most common etiologic factor leading to deep neck infections?
dental infections
tonsillitis
peritonsillar abscesses
traumas
foreign body penetration
Which of these statements is true for Ludwig’s angina?
generally without abscess formation
it is a unilateral infection
it is a slowly evolving cellulitis with lymphatic involvement
it is a rapidly spreading cellulitis without lymphatic involvement
Suppurative parotitis is a condition typically occurring in
infants
small children
adults
elderly postoperative patients
Nonoperative management of penetrating neck injuries has been. advocated as an alternative to mandatory: exploration In asymptomatic patients. Which of the following findings would constitute a relative, rather than an absolute, indication for formal neck exploration?
expanding hematoma
dysphagia
dysphonia
pneumothorax
hemoptysis
