Intro to Psychology ch. 3

The functioning of the human brain depends upon cross-talk among ____.

Glial cells.
Neurons.
Nodes of Ranvier.
Reuptake vesicles.

The ____ is the central region of the neuron that manufactures new cell components, which consist of both small and large molecules.

Neuronal membrane.
Dendrite.
Axon.
Cell body.

In a neuron, proteins are manufactured in the nucleus of the ____.

Axon.
Cell body.
Dendrite.
Membrane.

The branchlike structures that receive messages from other neurons are called ____.

Axons.
Nerve bundles.
Dendrites.
Synapses.

Which part of a neuron is a long, very thin, tail-like extension that carries messages out to other cells?

Soma.
Axon.
Dendrite.
Cell membrane.

Your teacher asks you to describe the sequence of parts o a neuron that the impulse travels during neural conduction. Which of the following sequences will you offer?

Dendrites, Axon, Soma, Synaptic knob.
Terminal buttons, axon, Soma, Dendrite.
Axon, Soma, Dendrites, synaptic knob.
Dendrites, Soma, axon, axon terminal.

A cell in the human nervous system whose primary function is to help from myelin and the blood-brain barrier, respond to injury, remove debris, and enhance learning and memory is called a(n) ____.

Epidermal.
Adipose.
Glial.
Polypeptide-Y.

What is the function of the myelin sheath?

To serve as a structure for neurons.
To monitor neural activity.
To speed up the neural transmission.
To produce neurotransmitters.

What do we call the state of a neuron when there are no neurotransmitters acting on it?

Action potential.
Resting potential.
Myelination countersignal.
Transmission dormancy.

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Action potentials can occur in a rapid-fire sort of process, with no break between them.
Action potentials either fire completely or they do not fire at all.
Action potentials travel from the axon terminal to the dendrite.
Action potentials will jump from node to node only on demyelinated axons.

When a neuron fires, it fires in a(n) ____ fashion, as there is no such thing as a "partial" firing.

All-or-none.
Rapid fire.
Accidental patterned.
Quick succession.

Owantu let out an ear-piercing scream when he became frightened. He was unable to stimulate those neurons for a brief time after their firing because of the ____.

Regenerative timeout.
Potential gradation.
Absolute refractory period.
Relative refractory period.

Which structure is like a locked door that only certain neurotransmitter keys can unlock?

Synapses.
Receptor sites.
Neural chiasms.
Response terminals.

Isabella is putting mustard on her hot dog. She realizes she has put too much and sucks up some of it back into the squeeze bottle. This process is similar to ____.

The action potential.
Receptor site bindings.
Binding specificity.
Reuptake.

Andy has decided to seek medical help for mood disturbances and sleep problems. Which neurotransmitter is most likely involved in the problems Andy is experiencing?

GABA.
Dopamine.
Serotonin.
Acetylcholine.

The main excitatory neurotransmitter in the nervous system, which plays a role in the relay of sensory information and learning, is

Glutamate.
Gamma-Aminobutyric acid.
Acetylcholine.
Serotonin.

Because they have similar chemical structures, morphine and other opiates are able to lock into receptor sites for ____.

GABA.
Serotonin.
Dopamine.
Endorphins.

Jack suffered a brain injury as a result of hitting his head while waterskiing. Afterward, Jack could not pronounce certain words correctly for a long period of time until he had extensive speech therapy. Now Jack can speak as he did before his accident. This is an example of the brain's ____, which allowed the structure and function of Jack's brain cells to change to adjust to the trauma.

Adaptology.
Stagnation.
Plasticity.
Reflex arc.

____ is the creation of new neurons in the adult brain.

Neurogenesis.
Neural plasticity.
Long-term potentiation.
Synaptogenesis.

A technique that permits scientists to pinpoint the location of specific brain areas using coordinates is called ____.

Phrenology.
The stereotaxic method.
Functional imaging.
Magnetoencephalography.

Marta was in an automobile accident and suffered an injury to her brain resulting in paralysis of her left arm. What part of Marta's brain was injured?

Auditory association area.
Motor cortex.
Somatosensory corex.
Broca's area.

After suffering a brain injury by falling froma ladder, Zack's wife continues to tell the doctor that his personality has changed. He used to be fun loving and carefree, but he is now more critical and yells at his children for seemingly little reason. Zack is likely to have suffered damage to the ____ lobe of his cortex.

Occipital.
Parietal.
Temporal.
Frontal.

Darla was in an automobile accident that resulted in an injury to her brain. Her sense of touch has been affected. Which part of the brain is the most likely site of the damage?

Frontal lobe.
Temporal lobe.
Occipital lobe.
Parietal lobes.

Mary put her hand on a hot stove. Which neuron is responsible for sending a pain message up her spinal column, where it would then enter into the main area of the cord?

Motor nerve.
Interneuron.
Sensory nerve.
Efferent Neuron.