A tumour in the temporal lobe may give rise to:
Flashes of light
Prolonged yawning
Olfactory hallucinations
Visual hallucinations
According to the trichromatic theory of colour vision, ___.
There are only three colours of light in the world
Rods are important for perception of light colours
There are only three rods and three cones in each eye
Our perception of colour depends on the relative activity of three types of cones
Which of the following best characterises how axons arrive at the correct target cells?
They follow electrical gradients
They follow chemical gradients from the target cell
Axons send out chemicals to the target cells
Target cells send out branches for the axons to follow
Children with strabismus often fail to develop:
Perception of movement
Any kind of depth perception
Stereoscopic depth perception
The ability to recognise faces
Damage to which hindbrain structure would be most life-threatening?
Occipital cortex
Medulla
Corpus callosum
Cerebellum
Diaschisis refers to the:
Increased activity in the cerebral cortex after damage to any part of the brain
Decreased activity of surviving neurons after other neurons are damaged
Increase in activity of neurons surrounding a damaged area
Increased activity in the hypothalamus after damage to any part of the brain
If some of the axons innervating a given cell are destroyed, what compensatory process takes place in the REMAINING presynaptic cells?
Activation of previously silent synapses
Collateral sprouting
Excess production of myelin
Removal of toxins
If you wanted to see a faint star at night, you should:
Look at a mirror’s reflection of it
Stare straight at it
Look slightly to one side
Wait until daytime
In comparison to the cones, rods ___.
Are more common toward the centre of the retina
Reach their peak firing levels slowly
Are more sensitive to detail
Are more sensitive to dim light
In humans, the optic nerves from the two eyes follow what pathway?
Half of the axons from each eye cross to the other side at the optic chiasm
They go directly to the contralateral hemisphere, without contacting each other
They go directly to the ipsilateral hemisphere, without contacting each other
They combine to send identical information to each hemisphere
In what order does visual information pass through the retina?
Receptor cells, bipolar cells, ganglion cells
Bipolar cells, receptor cells, ganglion cells
Ganglion cells, bipolar cells, receptor cells
Receptor cells, ganglion cells, bipolar cells
Ischemia is to ____ as haemorrhage is to ____.
Proximal; distal
Older individuals; younger individuals
Rupture; obstruction
Obstruction; rupture
Parvocellular neurons most likely receive input from:
Bipolar cells that receive input from cones
Rods
The periphery of the retina
Magnocellular neurons
Secretions from which glad will also affect the secretion of hormones from the thyroid gland, adrenal gland, and ovaries or testes?
Pituitary gland
Pancreas
Thymus gland
Pineal gland
Which part of the cerebral cortex is most important for the sense of touch?
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe
Occipital lobe
Soon after cells have differentiated as neurons or glia, they __.
Proliferate
Migrate
Myelinate
Release excess glutamate
Rods are to __ as cones are to __.
the periphery; the fovea
vertabrates; invertabrates
red; blue
size constancy; shape constancy
Sympathetic ganglia:
Act more independently than do parasympathetic ganglia
Are closely linked and often act as a single system
Are located inside the spinal cord
Have short postganglionic fibres extending to internal organs
The cell bodies of sensory neurons that are in clusters of neurons outside the spinal cord are called ___.
Dorsal root ganglia
Ventral root ganglia
Sensory nuclei
Sensory clusters
As axons from the spinal cord enter the skull, which structure do they enter?
midbrain
hindbrain
cerebellum
forebrain
The function of neurotrophins is to ___.
Be used as fuel
Signal that an axon has been “rejected”
Inhibit proliferation
Promote survival of axons
The visual path in the parietal cortex is referred to as the:
Ventral stream
Parvocellular pathway
Dorsal stream
Magnocellular pathway
Together, the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system make up the ___ nervous system.
Central
Peripheral
Sympathetic
Dorsal
Superior colliculus is to __ as inferior colliculus is to __.
hearing; vision
vision; hearing
taste; smell
vision; touch
What do the corpus callosum and anterior commissure have in common?
They both produce CSF
They each have 6 laminae
They are made up of gray matter
They both connect the two hemispheres
An electroencephalograph measures:
the average activity of the cells in a given region of the brain
the electrical resistance of hair
the rate of glucose uptake in active regions of the brain
action potentials in an individual neuron
Which of the following brain imaging techniques does NOT provide a functional measure of brain activity?
MRI
MEG
fMRI
EEG
The precentral gyrus is essential for the __.
regulation of emotions
control of fine movements
attention to hunger and thirst
coordination between vision and hearing
Which statement best characterises the fovea?
It has more rods than cones
It has the greatest perception of detail
It falls in the shadow cast by the pupil
It surrounds the point of exit in the optic nerve
___ cells proliferate after a stroke.
Ischemia
Penumbra
Cancer
Microglia
